diff --git a/famutdinovmd/.gitignore b/famutdinovmd/.gitignore new file mode 100644 index 0000000..072b395 --- /dev/null +++ b/famutdinovmd/.gitignore @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +# Python +__pycache__/ +*.py[cod] +*$py.class +*.so +.Python +env/ +venv/ +ENV/ +build/ +develop-eggs/ +dist/ +downloads/ +eggs/ +.eggs/ +lib/ +lib64/ +parts/ +sdist/ +var/ +wheels/ +*.egg-info/ +.installed.cfg +*.egg + +# IDE +.vscode/ +.idea/ +*.swp +*.swo +*~ + +# Project specific +experiment_results.csv +experiment_results.png +*.log \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/famutdinovmd/428b.md b/famutdinovmd/428b.md deleted file mode 100644 index e69de29..0000000 diff --git a/famutdinovmd/builders.py b/famutdinovmd/builders.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..821f7c5 --- /dev/null +++ b/famutdinovmd/builders.py @@ -0,0 +1,61 @@ +from abc import ABC, abstractmethod +from models import Cell, Maze + + +class MazeBuilder(ABC): + """Абстрактный строитель лабиринта""" + + @abstractmethod + def build_from_file(self, filename: str) -> Maze: + """Построить лабиринт из файла""" + pass + + +class TextFileMazeBuilder(MazeBuilder): + """Строитель лабиринта из текстового файла""" + + WALL_CHAR = '#' + START_CHAR = 'S' + EXIT_CHAR = 'E' + PASS_CHAR = ' ' + + def build_from_file(self, filename: str) -> Maze: + """Читает текстовый файл и создаёт лабиринт""" + with open(filename, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f: + lines = [line.rstrip('\n') for line in f.readlines()] + + if not lines: + raise ValueError("Файл с лабиринтом пуст") + + height = len(lines) + width = max(len(line) for line in lines) + + maze = Maze(width, height) + + for y, line in enumerate(lines): + for x, ch in enumerate(line): + if x >= width: + continue + + cell = Cell(x, y) + + if ch == self.WALL_CHAR: + cell.is_wall = True + elif ch == self.START_CHAR: + cell.is_start = True + elif ch == self.EXIT_CHAR: + cell.is_exit = True + elif ch == self.PASS_CHAR: + pass # проходимая клетка (всё уже настроено) + else: + cell.is_wall = True # неизвестный символ считаем стеной + + maze.set_cell(x, y, cell) + + # Валидация + if maze.start is None: + raise ValueError("В лабиринте нет стартовой клетки (S)") + if maze.exit is None: + raise ValueError("В лабиринте нет выхода (E)") + + return maze \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/famutdinovmd/commands.py b/famutdinovmd/commands.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..88611fc --- /dev/null +++ b/famutdinovmd/commands.py @@ -0,0 +1,71 @@ +from abc import ABC, abstractmethod +from typing import Optional +from models import Cell, Maze + + +class Player: + """Игрок, перемещающийся по лабиринту""" + + def __init__(self, start_cell: Cell): + self.current_cell = start_cell + + def move_to(self, new_cell: Cell) -> None: + """Перемещает игрока в новую клетку""" + self.current_cell = new_cell + + +class Command(ABC): + """Абстрактная команда""" + + @abstractmethod + def execute(self) -> bool: + """Выполняет команду""" + pass + + @abstractmethod + def undo(self) -> None: + """Отменяет команду""" + pass + + +class MoveCommand(Command): + """Команда перемещения игрока""" + + def __init__(self, player: Player, maze: Maze, direction: str): + self.player = player + self.maze = maze + self.direction = direction + self.previous_cell: Optional[Cell] = None + self.new_cell: Optional[Cell] = None + + def _get_target_cell(self) -> Optional[Cell]: + """Возвращает целевую клетку в зависимости от направления""" + x, y = self.player.current_cell.x, self.player.current_cell.y + + if self.direction == 'w': + y -= 1 + elif self.direction == 's': + y += 1 + elif self.direction == 'a': + x -= 1 + elif self.direction == 'd': + x += 1 + else: + return None + + return self.maze.get_cell(x, y) + + def execute(self) -> bool: + """Выполняет перемещение""" + self.previous_cell = self.player.current_cell + self.new_cell = self._get_target_cell() + + if self.new_cell and self.new_cell.is_passable(): + self.player.move_to(self.new_cell) + return True + return False + + def undo(self) -> None: + """Отменяет перемещение""" + if self.previous_cell: + self.player.move_to(self.previous_cell) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/famutdinovmd/experiments.py b/famutdinovmd/experiments.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..34207a7 --- /dev/null +++ b/famutdinovmd/experiments.py @@ -0,0 +1,100 @@ +import csv +import time +from typing import List, Dict +from models import Maze +from builders import TextFileMazeBuilder +from strategies import BFSStrategy, DFSStrategy, AStarStrategy +from solver import MazeSolver + + +def run_experiment(maze: Maze, strategy_name: str, strategy, repeats: int = 5) -> Dict: + """Запускает эксперимент для одной стратегии""" + times = [] + visited_counts = [] + path_lengths = [] + path_found = True + + for _ in range(repeats): + solver = MazeSolver(maze, strategy) + path, stats = solver.solve() + + times.append(stats.time_ms) + visited_counts.append(stats.visited_cells) + path_lengths.append(stats.path_length) + path_found = stats.path_found + + return { + 'strategy': strategy_name, + 'time_mean': sum(times) / len(times), + 'time_min': min(times), + 'time_max': max(times), + 'visited_mean': sum(visited_counts) / len(visited_counts), + 'path_length_mean': sum(path_lengths) / len(path_lengths) if path_found else 0, + 'path_found': path_found + } + + +def run_all_experiments(maze_files: List[str], repeats: int = 5) -> List[Dict]: + """Запускает эксперименты для всех лабиринтов и стратегий""" + builder = TextFileMazeBuilder() + strategies = [ + ('BFS', BFSStrategy()), + ('DFS', DFSStrategy()), + ('A*', AStarStrategy()) + ] + + results = [] + + for maze_file in maze_files: + try: + maze = builder.build_from_file(maze_file) + except (ValueError, FileNotFoundError) as e: + print(f"❌ Ошибка: {e}") + continue + + print(f"\n📊 Лабиринт: {maze_file}") + print(f" Размер: {maze.width}×{maze.height}") + print(f" Старт: ({maze.start.x}, {maze.start.y})") + print(f" Выход: ({maze.exit.x}, {maze.exit.y})") + + for strategy_name, strategy in strategies: + print(f" 🧪 Тестирование: {strategy_name}") + result = run_experiment(maze, strategy_name, strategy, repeats) + result['maze_file'] = maze_file.split('/')[-1] + result['maze_size'] = f"{maze.width}×{maze.height}" + results.append(result) + + status = "✅" if result['path_found'] else "❌" + print(f" {status} Время: {result['time_mean']:.2f} мс, " + f"Посещено: {result['visited_mean']:.0f}, " + f"Путь: {result['path_length_mean']:.0f}") + + return results + + +def save_results_to_csv(results: List[Dict], filename: str = "experiment_results.csv") -> None: + """Сохраняет результаты в CSV файл""" + with open(filename, 'w', newline='', encoding='utf-8') as f: + writer = csv.DictWriter(f, fieldnames=[ + 'maze_file', 'maze_size', 'strategy', + 'time_mean', 'time_min', 'time_max', + 'visited_mean', 'path_length_mean', 'path_found' + ]) + writer.writeheader() + writer.writerows(results) + print(f"\n💾 Результаты сохранены в {filename}") + + +def print_results_table(results: List[Dict]) -> None: + """Выводит результаты в виде таблицы""" + print("\n" + "=" * 80) + print("РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТОВ") + print("=" * 80) + + for res in results: + print(f"\n📁 Лабиринт: {res['maze_file']}") + print(f" 📐 Размер: {res['maze_size']}") + print(f" 🎯 Стратегия: {res['strategy']}") + print(f" ⏱️ Время (ср): {res['time_mean']:.2f} мс") + print(f" 📍 Посещено: {res['visited_mean']:.0f} клеток") + print(f" 🛤️ Длина пути: {res['path_length_mean']:.0f}") \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/famutdinovmd/main.py b/famutdinovmd/main.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ebbb055 --- /dev/null +++ b/famutdinovmd/main.py @@ -0,0 +1,182 @@ +import os +from builders import TextFileMazeBuilder +from strategies import BFSStrategy, DFSStrategy, AStarStrategy +from solver import MazeSolver +from observers import ConsoleView +from commands import Player +from experiments import run_all_experiments, save_results_to_csv, print_results_table + + +def create_test_mazes(): + """Создаёт тестовые лабиринты в папке mazes/""" + os.makedirs("mazes", exist_ok=True) + + # Маленький лабиринт 10×10 + small = """########## +#S # +# ### ## # +# # # +### # #### +# # # +# ### # # +# # # +# # E# +##########""" + + # Средний лабиринт 20×11 + medium = """#################### +#S # +# # # # # # # # # # +# # +# # # # # # # # # # +# # +# # # # # # # # # # +# # +# # # # # # # # # # +# E# +####################""" + + # Большой лабиринт 30×15 + large = """############################## +#S # +# # # # # # # # # # # # # # # +# # +# # # # # # # # # # # # # # # +# # +# # # # # # # # # # # # # # # +# # +# # # # # # # # # # # # # # # +# # +# # # # # # # # # # # # # # # +# # +# # # # # # # # # # # # # # # +# E# +##############################""" + + # Пустой лабиринт (без стен) + empty = "S" + " " * 28 + "E" + + # Лабиринт без выхода + no_exit = """####### +#S # +# ### # +# # # +#######""" + + # Сохранение файлов + with open("mazes/small.txt", "w") as f: + f.write(small) + with open("mazes/medium.txt", "w") as f: + f.write(medium) + with open("mazes/large.txt", "w") as f: + f.write(large) + with open("mazes/empty.txt", "w") as f: + f.write(empty) + with open("mazes/no_exit.txt", "w") as f: + f.write(no_exit) + + print("✅ Тестовые лабиринты созданы в папке 'mazes/'") + + +def demo_maze_solver(): + """Демонстрация работы MazeSolver с разными стратегиями""" + print("\n" + "=" * 60) + print("ДЕМОНСТРАЦИЯ РАБОТЫ MAZE SOLVER") + print("=" * 60) + + builder = TextFileMazeBuilder() + view = ConsoleView() + + try: + maze = builder.build_from_file("mazes/small.txt") + view.update("maze_loaded", {"maze": maze}) + + strategies = [ + ("BFS", BFSStrategy(), "BFS (поиск в ширину)"), + ("DFS", DFSStrategy(), "DFS (поиск в глубину)"), + ("A*", AStarStrategy(), "A* (A-star поиск)") + ] + + for name, strategy, description in strategies: + print(f"\n--- {description} ---") + solver = MazeSolver(maze, strategy) + view.update("search_start", {"algorithm": description}) + + path, stats = solver.solve() + + if stats.path_found: + view.update("path_found", {"maze": maze, "path": path, "stats": stats}) + else: + view.update("no_path", {"stats": stats}) + + except Exception as e: + print(f"❌ Ошибка: {e}") + + +def demo_player_controls(): + """Демонстрация управления игроком (Command + Observer)""" + print("\n" + "=" * 60) + print("ДЕМОНСТРАЦИЯ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ (Command + Observer)") + print("=" * 60) + + builder = TextFileMazeBuilder() + view = ConsoleView() + + try: + maze = builder.build_from_file("mazes/small.txt") + player = Player(maze.start) + + view.update("maze_loaded", {"maze": maze}) + view.render(maze, player_position=player.current_cell) + + print("\n💡 Для управления игроком в консоли введите W/A/S/D") + print(" (это демонстрация работы паттернов Command и Observer)") + + except Exception as e: + print(f"❌ Ошибка: {e}") + + +def run_experiments(): + """Запуск экспериментов для сравнения алгоритмов""" + print("\n" + "=" * 60) + print("ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОЕ СРАВНЕНИЕ АЛГОРИТМОВ") + print("=" * 60) + + maze_files = [ + "mazes/small.txt", + "mazes/medium.txt", + "mazes/large.txt", + "mazes/empty.txt", + "mazes/no_exit.txt" + ] + + results = run_all_experiments(maze_files, repeats=5) + save_results_to_csv(results) + print_results_table(results) + + +def main(): + """Главная функция""" + print("=" * 60) + print("🎯 ОБЪЕКТНО-ОРИЕНТИРОВАННАЯ РЕАЛИЗАЦИЯ ПОИСКА В ЛАБИРИНТЕ") + print("📚 Применённые паттерны: Builder, Strategy, Observer, Command") + print("=" * 60) + + # Создание тестовых лабиринтов + create_test_mazes() + + # Демонстрация работы + demo_maze_solver() + demo_player_controls() + + # Эксперименты + run_experiments() + + print("\n" + "=" * 60) + print("✅ Программа завершена!") + print("📊 Для построения графиков запустите: python visualize.py") + print("=" * 60) + + +if __name__ == "__main__": + main() \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/famutdinovmd/mazes/empty.txt b/famutdinovmd/mazes/empty.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..172bb4f --- /dev/null +++ b/famutdinovmd/mazes/empty.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +S E \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/famutdinovmd/mazes/large.txt b/famutdinovmd/mazes/large.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..143173c --- /dev/null +++ b/famutdinovmd/mazes/large.txt @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +############################## +#S # +# # # # # # # # # # # # # # # +# # +# # # # # # # # # # # # # # # +# # +# # # # # # # # # # # # # # # +# # +# # # # # # # # # # # # # # # +# # +# # # # # # # # # # # # # # # +# # +# # # # # # # # # # # # # # # +# E# +############################## \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/famutdinovmd/mazes/medium.txt b/famutdinovmd/mazes/medium.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e52ac72 --- /dev/null +++ b/famutdinovmd/mazes/medium.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +#################### +#S # +# # # # # # # # # # +# # +# # # # # # # # # # +# # +# # # # # # # # # # +# # +# # # # # # # # # # +# E# +#################### \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/famutdinovmd/mazes/no_exit.txt b/famutdinovmd/mazes/no_exit.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c9a85c0 --- /dev/null +++ b/famutdinovmd/mazes/no_exit.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +####### +#S # +# ### # +# # # +####### \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/famutdinovmd/mazes/small.txt b/famutdinovmd/mazes/small.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9cbc84e --- /dev/null +++ b/famutdinovmd/mazes/small.txt @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +########## +#S # +# ### ## # +# # # +### # #### +# # # +# ### # # +# # # +# # E# +########## \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/famutdinovmd/models.py b/famutdinovmd/models.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..002b977 --- /dev/null +++ b/famutdinovmd/models.py @@ -0,0 +1,86 @@ +from typing import List, Optional + + +class Cell: + """Клетка лабиринта""" + + def __init__(self, x: int, y: int): + self.x = x + self.y = y + self.is_wall = False + self.is_start = False + self.is_exit = False + + def is_passable(self) -> bool: + """Проверяет, можно ли пройти через клетку""" + return not self.is_wall + + def __eq__(self, other) -> bool: + if not isinstance(other, Cell): + return False + return self.x == other.x and self.y == other.y + + def __hash__(self): + return hash((self.x, self.y)) + + def __repr__(self): + return f"Cell({self.x}, {self.y})" + + +class Maze: + """Лабиринт (сетка клеток)""" + + def __init__(self, width: int, height: int): + self.width = width + self.height = height + self._cells: List[List[Optional[Cell]]] = [[None for _ in range(width)] for _ in range(height)] + self.start: Optional[Cell] = None + self.exit: Optional[Cell] = None + + def set_cell(self, x: int, y: int, cell: Cell) -> None: + """Устанавливает клетку в указанные координаты""" + if 0 <= x < self.width and 0 <= y < self.height: + self._cells[y][x] = cell + if cell.is_start: + self.start = cell + if cell.is_exit: + self.exit = cell + + def get_cell(self, x: int, y: int) -> Optional[Cell]: + """Возвращает клетку по координатам""" + if 0 <= x < self.width and 0 <= y < self.height: + return self._cells[y][x] + return None + + def get_neighbors(self, cell: Cell) -> List[Cell]: + """Возвращает список соседних проходимых клеток""" + neighbors = [] + directions = [(0, -1), (0, 1), (-1, 0), (1, 0)] # вверх, вниз, влево, вправо + + for dx, dy in directions: + nx, ny = cell.x + dx, cell.y + dy + neighbor = self.get_cell(nx, ny) + if neighbor and neighbor.is_passable(): + neighbors.append(neighbor) + + return neighbors + + def __str__(self) -> str: + """Строковое представление лабиринта""" + result = [] + for y in range(self.height): + row = [] + for x in range(self.width): + cell = self.get_cell(x, y) + if cell is None: + row.append('?') + elif cell.is_start: + row.append('S') + elif cell.is_exit: + row.append('E') + elif cell.is_wall: + row.append('#') + else: + row.append(' ') + result.append(''.join(row)) + return '\n'.join(result) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/famutdinovmd/observers.py b/famutdinovmd/observers.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b736d37 --- /dev/null +++ b/famutdinovmd/observers.py @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +from abc import ABC, abstractmethod +from typing import List, Optional +from models import Cell, Maze + + +class Observer(ABC): + """Абстрактный наблюдатель""" + + @abstractmethod + def update(self, event: str, data: dict) -> None: + """Обработка события""" + pass + + +class ConsoleView(Observer): + """Консольная визуализация лабиринта""" + + def render(self, maze: Maze, player_position: Optional[Cell] = None, + path: Optional[List[Cell]] = None) -> None: + """Отрисовывает лабиринт в консоли""" + path_set = set(path) if path else set() + + print("\n+" + "-" * maze.width + "+") + + for y in range(maze.height): + row = [] + for x in range(maze.width): + cell = maze.get_cell(x, y) + if cell is None: + row.append('?') + elif player_position and cell == player_position: + row.append('@') + elif cell.is_start: + row.append('S') + elif cell.is_exit: + row.append('E') + elif cell in path_set: + row.append('*') + elif cell.is_wall: + row.append('#') + else: + row.append(' ') + print("|" + ''.join(row) + "|") + + print("+" + "-" * maze.width + "+") + + def update(self, event: str, data: dict) -> None: + """Обработка событий от MazeSolver""" + if event == "maze_loaded": + maze = data.get('maze') + print("\n📦 Лабиринт загружен:") + self.render(maze) + + elif event == "search_start": + algorithm = data.get('algorithm', 'Unknown') + print(f"\n🔍 Начинаем поиск алгоритмом: {algorithm}") + + elif event == "path_found": + maze = data.get('maze') + path = data.get('path') + stats = data.get('stats') + print(f"\n✅ Путь найден! {stats}") + self.render(maze, path=path) + + elif event == "no_path": + stats = data.get('stats') + print(f"\n❌ {stats}") + + elif event == "player_moved": + maze = data.get('maze') + player = data.get('player') + if player: + self.render(maze, player_position=player.current_cell) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/famutdinovmd/report.md b/famutdinovmd/report.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..40de7e7 --- /dev/null +++ b/famutdinovmd/report.md @@ -0,0 +1,308 @@ +# Отчёт по лабораторной работе №2 +## Поиск выхода из лабиринта (объектно-ориентированная реализация с паттернами) + +--- + +## 1. Описание задачи + +Разработать программу для поиска выхода из лабиринта с возможностью выбора алгоритма поиска, визуализации процесса и экспериментального сравнения алгоритмов. Программа должна загружать лабиринт из текстового файла, поддерживать алгоритмы BFS, DFS, A* и использовать паттерны проектирования GoF. + +--- + +## 2. Выбранные паттерны + +### 2.1 Builder (Строитель) +**Где:** `TextFileMazeBuilder` +**Зачем:** Сокрытие сложности создания лабиринта из файла +**Преимущество:** Легко добавить новый формат (JSON, XML) + +### 2.2 Strategy (Стратегия) +**Где:** `BFSStrategy`, `DFSStrategy`, `AStarStrategy` +**Зачем:** Возможность переключения алгоритмов во время выполнения +**Преимущество:** Новый алгоритм добавляется без изменения кода + +### 2.3 Observer (Наблюдатель) +**Где:** `ConsoleView` +**Зачем:** Отделение визуализации от логики поиска +**Преимущество:** Можно добавить GUI без изменения MazeSolver + +### 2.4 Command (Команда) +**Где:** `MoveCommand`, `Player` +**Зачем:** Поддержка отмены действий при ручном управлении +**Преимущество:** История действий и возможность Undo + +--- + +## 3. Диаграмма классов (Mermaid) + +```python +classDiagram + class Maze { + -width, height + -_cells[][] + -start, exit + +get_cell(x,y) + +get_neighbors(cell) + } + + class Cell { + -x, y + -is_wall + -is_start + -is_exit + +is_passable() + } + + class MazeBuilder { + <> + +build_from_file(filename) + } + + class TextFileMazeBuilder { + +build_from_file(filename) + } + + class PathFindingStrategy { + <> + +find_path(maze, start, exit) + } + + class BFSStrategy + class DFSStrategy + class AStarStrategy + + class MazeSolver { + -maze + -strategy + +set_strategy() + +solve() + } + + class Observer { + <> + +update(event, data) + } + + class ConsoleView { + +render(maze, path) + +update(event, data) + } + + class Command { + <> + +execute() + +undo() + } + + class MoveCommand { + -player + -direction + +execute() + +undo() + } + + MazeBuilder <|.. TextFileMazeBuilder + PathFindingStrategy <|.. BFSStrategy + PathFindingStrategy <|.. DFSStrategy + PathFindingStrategy <|.. AStarStrategy + MazeSolver --> PathFindingStrategy + Observer <|.. ConsoleView + Command <|.. MoveCommand + +class TextFileMazeBuilder(MazeBuilder): + WALL_CHAR = '#' + START_CHAR = 'S' + EXIT_CHAR = 'E' + + def build_from_file(self, filename: str) -> Maze: + with open(filename, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f: + lines = [line.rstrip('\n') for line in f.readlines()] + + height = len(lines) + width = max(len(line) for line in lines) + maze = Maze(width, height) + + for y, line in enumerate(lines): + for x, ch in enumerate(line): + if x >= width: + continue + cell = Cell(x, y) + if ch == self.WALL_CHAR: + cell.is_wall = True + elif ch == self.START_CHAR: + cell.is_start = True + elif ch == self.EXIT_CHAR: + cell.is_exit = True + maze.set_cell(x, y, cell) + + if maze.start is None: + raise ValueError("Нет стартовой клетки (S)") + if maze.exit is None: + raise ValueError("Нет выхода (E)") + + return maze + class TextFileMazeBuilder(MazeBuilder): + WALL_CHAR = '#' + START_CHAR = 'S' + EXIT_CHAR = 'E' + + def build_from_file(self, filename: str) -> Maze: + with open(filename, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f: + lines = [line.rstrip('\n') for line in f.readlines()] + + height = len(lines) + width = max(len(line) for line in lines) + maze = Maze(width, height) + + for y, line in enumerate(lines): + for x, ch in enumerate(line): + if x >= width: + continue + cell = Cell(x, y) + if ch == self.WALL_CHAR: + cell.is_wall = True + elif ch == self.START_CHAR: + cell.is_start = True + elif ch == self.EXIT_CHAR: + cell.is_exit = True + maze.set_cell(x, y, cell) + + if maze.start is None: + raise ValueError("Нет стартовой клетки (S)") + if maze.exit is None: + raise ValueError("Нет выхода (E)") + + return maze + class BFSStrategy(PathFindingStrategy): + def find_path(self, maze, start, exit_cell): + queue = deque([start]) + visited = {start} + parent = {start: None} + + while queue: + current = queue.popleft() + if current == exit_cell: + return self._reconstruct_path(parent, current) + for neighbor in maze.get_neighbors(current): + if neighbor not in visited: + visited.add(neighbor) + parent[neighbor] = current + queue.append(neighbor) + return [] + + def _reconstruct_path(self, parent, current): + path = [] + while current: + path.append(current) + current = parent[current] + return list(reversed(path)) + class DFSStrategy(PathFindingStrategy): + def find_path(self, maze, start, exit_cell): + stack = [(start, [start])] + visited = {start} + + while stack: + current, path = stack.pop() + if current == exit_cell: + return path + for neighbor in maze.get_neighbors(current): + if neighbor not in visited: + visited.add(neighbor) + stack.append((neighbor, path + [neighbor])) + return [] + class AStarStrategy(PathFindingStrategy): + def _heuristic(self, a, b): + return abs(a.x - b.x) + abs(a.y - b.y) + + def find_path(self, maze, start, exit_cell): + counter = 0 + open_set = [(self._heuristic(start, exit_cell), counter, start)] + g_score = {start: 0} + parent = {start: None} + + while open_set: + _, _, current = heappop(open_set) + if current == exit_cell: + return self._reconstruct_path(parent, current) + for neighbor in maze.get_neighbors(current): + tentative_g = g_score[current] + 1 + if neighbor not in g_score or tentative_g < g_score[neighbor]: + parent[neighbor] = current + g_score[neighbor] = tentative_g + counter += 1 + f = tentative_g + self._heuristic(neighbor, exit_cell) + heappush(open_set, (f, counter, neighbor)) + return [] + class ConsoleView(Observer): + def render(self, maze, path=None): + path_set = set(path) if path else set() + print("\n+" + "-" * maze.width + "+") + for y in range(maze.height): + row = [] + for x in range(maze.width): + cell = maze.get_cell(x, y) + if cell.is_start: + row.append('S') + elif cell.is_exit: + row.append('E') + elif cell in path_set: + row.append('*') + elif cell.is_wall: + row.append('#') + else: + row.append(' ') + print("|" + ''.join(row) + "|") + print("+" + "-" * maze.width + "+") + + def update(self, event, data): + if event == "maze_loaded": + self.render(data.get('maze')) + elif event == "path_found": + self.render(data.get('maze'), data.get('path')) + class MoveCommand(Command): + def __init__(self, player, maze, direction): + self.player = player + self.maze = maze + self.direction = direction + self.previous_cell = None + + def execute(self): + self.previous_cell = self.player.current_cell + dx, dy = self.direction + new_cell = self.maze.get_cell( + self.player.current_cell.x + dx, + self.player.current_cell.y + dy + ) + if new_cell and new_cell.is_passable(): + self.player.move_to(new_cell) + return True + return False + + def undo(self): + if self.previous_cell: + self.player.move_to(self.previous_cell) + class MazeSolver: + def __init__(self, maze, strategy=None): + self.maze = maze + self._strategy = strategy + + def set_strategy(self, strategy): + self._strategy = strategy + + def solve(self): + if not self._strategy: + raise ValueError("Стратегия не установлена") + + start_time = time.perf_counter() + path = self._strategy.find_path(self.maze, self.maze.start, self.maze.exit) + end_time = time.perf_counter() + + stats = SearchStats( + time_ms=(end_time - start_time) * 1000, + visited_cells=len(path) if path else 0, + path_length=len(path) if path else 0, + path_found=bool(path) + ) + return path, stats + + diff --git a/famutdinovmd/requirements.txt b/famutdinovmd/requirements.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ca0f8d7 --- /dev/null +++ b/famutdinovmd/requirements.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +matplotlib>=3.5.0 +pandas>=1.5.0 +numpy>=1.21.0 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/famutdinovmd/solver.py b/famutdinovmd/solver.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b7388a1 --- /dev/null +++ b/famutdinovmd/solver.py @@ -0,0 +1,53 @@ +import time +from dataclasses import dataclass +from typing import List, Optional, Tuple +from models import Cell, Maze +from strategies import PathFindingStrategy + + +@dataclass +class SearchStats: + """Статистика поиска""" + time_ms: float + visited_cells: int + path_length: int + path_found: bool = True + + def __str__(self) -> str: + if not self.path_found: + return f"Путь не найден (время: {self.time_ms:.2f} мс)" + return (f"Время: {self.time_ms:.2f} мс, " + f"Посещено клеток: {self.visited_cells}, " + f"Длина пути: {self.path_length}") + + +class MazeSolver: + """Оркестратор решения лабиринта""" + + def __init__(self, maze: Maze, strategy: Optional[PathFindingStrategy] = None): + self.maze = maze + self._strategy = strategy + + def set_strategy(self, strategy: PathFindingStrategy) -> None: + """Устанавливает стратегию поиска""" + self._strategy = strategy + + def solve(self) -> Tuple[List[Cell], SearchStats]: + """Выполняет поиск пути с текущей стратегией""" + if self._strategy is None: + raise ValueError("Стратегия не установлена") + + start_time = time.perf_counter() + path = self._strategy.find_path(self.maze, self.maze.start, self.maze.exit) + end_time = time.perf_counter() + + time_ms = (end_time - start_time) * 1000 + + stats = SearchStats( + time_ms=time_ms, + visited_cells=len(path) if path else 0, + path_length=len(path) if path else 0, + path_found=bool(path) + ) + + return path, stats \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/famutdinovmd/strategies.py b/famutdinovmd/strategies.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5dd6e3a --- /dev/null +++ b/famutdinovmd/strategies.py @@ -0,0 +1,107 @@ +from abc import ABC, abstractmethod +from collections import deque +from heapq import heappush, heappop +from typing import List, Dict, Optional +from models import Cell, Maze + + +class PathFindingStrategy(ABC): + """Абстрактная стратегия поиска пути""" + + @abstractmethod + def find_path(self, maze: Maze, start: Cell, exit_cell: Cell) -> List[Cell]: + """Находит путь от start до exit_cell""" + pass + + +class BFSStrategy(PathFindingStrategy): + """Поиск в ширину (BFS) - гарантирует кратчайший путь""" + + def find_path(self, maze: Maze, start: Cell, exit_cell: Cell) -> List[Cell]: + queue = deque([start]) + visited = {start} + parent: Dict[Cell, Optional[Cell]] = {start: None} + + while queue: + current = queue.popleft() + + if current == exit_cell: + return self._reconstruct_path(parent, current) + + for neighbor in maze.get_neighbors(current): + if neighbor not in visited: + visited.add(neighbor) + parent[neighbor] = current + queue.append(neighbor) + + return [] # Путь не найден + + def _reconstruct_path(self, parent: Dict[Cell, Optional[Cell]], current: Cell) -> List[Cell]: + """Восстанавливает путь от start до current""" + path = [] + while current is not None: + path.append(current) + current = parent.get(current) + return list(reversed(path)) + + +class DFSStrategy(PathFindingStrategy): + """Поиск в глубину (DFS) - быстрый, но не обязательно кратчайший""" + + def find_path(self, maze: Maze, start: Cell, exit_cell: Cell) -> List[Cell]: + stack = [(start, [start])] + visited = {start} + + while stack: + current, path = stack.pop() + + if current == exit_cell: + return path + + for neighbor in maze.get_neighbors(current): + if neighbor not in visited: + visited.add(neighbor) + stack.append((neighbor, path + [neighbor])) + + return [] + + +class AStarStrategy(PathFindingStrategy): + """A* поиск - оптимальный баланс скорости и кратчайшего пути""" + + def _heuristic(self, cell: Cell, exit_cell: Cell) -> int: + """Манхэттенское расстояние (эвристика)""" + return abs(cell.x - exit_cell.x) + abs(cell.y - exit_cell.y) + + def find_path(self, maze: Maze, start: Cell, exit_cell: Cell) -> List[Cell]: + counter = 0 # для разрешения конфликтов в куче + open_set = [(self._heuristic(start, exit_cell), counter, start)] + + g_score: Dict[Cell, float] = {start: 0} + parent: Dict[Cell, Optional[Cell]] = {start: None} + + while open_set: + _, _, current = heappop(open_set) + + if current == exit_cell: + return self._reconstruct_path(parent, current) + + for neighbor in maze.get_neighbors(current): + tentative_g = g_score[current] + 1 + + if neighbor not in g_score or tentative_g < g_score[neighbor]: + parent[neighbor] = current + g_score[neighbor] = tentative_g + counter += 1 + f = tentative_g + self._heuristic(neighbor, exit_cell) + heappush(open_set, (f, counter, neighbor)) + + return [] + + def _reconstruct_path(self, parent: Dict[Cell, Optional[Cell]], current: Cell) -> List[Cell]: + """Восстанавливает путь от start до current""" + path = [] + while current is not None: + path.append(current) + current = parent.get(current) + return list(reversed(path)) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/famutdinovmd/visualize.py b/famutdinovmd/visualize.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ec1f734 --- /dev/null +++ b/famutdinovmd/visualize.py @@ -0,0 +1,88 @@ +import pandas as pd +import matplotlib.pyplot as plt +import numpy as np +from pathlib import Path + + +def plot_results(csv_file='experiment_results.csv'): + """Строит графики сравнения алгоритмов""" + + if not Path(csv_file).exists(): + print(f"❌ {csv_file} не найден. Сначала запустите main.py") + return + + # Загрузка данных + df = pd.read_csv(csv_file) + df = df[df['path_found'] == True] + + if df.empty: + print("❌ Нет данных для графиков") + return + + # Подготовка данных + mazes = [m.replace('.txt', '') for m in df['maze_file'].unique()] + strategies = df['strategy'].unique() + + # Создание графиков + fig, axes = plt.subplots(1, 3, figsize=(15, 5)) + fig.suptitle('Сравнение алгоритмов поиска в лабиринте', + fontsize=14, fontweight='bold') + + x = np.arange(len(mazes)) + width = 0.25 + colors = {'BFS': '#3498db', 'DFS': '#2ecc71', 'A*': '#e74c3c'} + + for i, strategy in enumerate(strategies): + times, visited, lengths = [], [], [] + + for maze in df['maze_file'].unique(): + data = df[(df['strategy'] == strategy) & (df['maze_file'] == maze)] + if not data.empty: + times.append(data['time_mean'].values[0]) + visited.append(data['visited_mean'].values[0]) + lengths.append(data['path_length_mean'].values[0]) + else: + times.append(0) + visited.append(0) + lengths.append(0) + + # График времени + axes[0].bar(x + i*width, times, width, label=strategy, + color=colors.get(strategy, 'gray'), alpha=0.7) + + # График посещённых клеток + axes[1].bar(x + i*width, visited, width, label=strategy, + color=colors.get(strategy, 'gray'), alpha=0.7) + + # График длины пути + axes[2].bar(x + i*width, lengths, width, label=strategy, + color=colors.get(strategy, 'gray'), alpha=0.7) + + # Настройка внешнего вида + axes[0].set_title('⏱️ Время выполнения (мс)') + axes[0].set_xticks(x + width) + axes[0].set_xticklabels(mazes, rotation=45, ha='right') + axes[0].legend() + axes[0].grid(True, alpha=0.3) + + axes[1].set_title('📍 Посещённые клетки') + axes[1].set_xticks(x + width) + axes[1].set_xticklabels(mazes, rotation=45, ha='right') + axes[1].legend() + axes[1].grid(True, alpha=0.3) + + axes[2].set_title('🛤️ Длина пути') + axes[2].set_xticks(x + width) + axes[2].set_xticklabels(mazes, rotation=45, ha='right') + axes[2].legend() + axes[2].grid(True, alpha=0.3) + + plt.tight_layout() + plt.savefig('experiment_results.png', dpi=150, bbox_inches='tight') + plt.show() + + print("✅ Графики сохранены в experiment_results.png") + + +if __name__ == "__main__": + plot_results() \ No newline at end of file