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5
KorotkinSE/.idea/.gitignore
vendored
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5
KorotkinSE/.idea/.gitignore
vendored
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# Default ignored files
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/shelf/
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/workspace.xml
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# Editor-based HTTP Client requests
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/httpRequests/
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||||
12
KorotkinSE/.idea/inspectionProfiles/Project_Default.xml
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12
KorotkinSE/.idea/inspectionProfiles/Project_Default.xml
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<component name="InspectionProjectProfileManager">
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<profile version="1.0">
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<option name="myName" value="Project Default" />
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<inspection_tool class="PyStubPackagesAdvertiser" enabled="true" level="WARNING" enabled_by_default="true">
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||||
<option name="ignoredPackages">
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<list>
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<option value="pandas" />
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</list>
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</option>
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</inspection_tool>
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</profile>
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</component>
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@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
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<component name="InspectionProjectProfileManager">
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<settings>
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<option name="USE_PROJECT_PROFILE" value="false" />
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<version value="1.0" />
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</settings>
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</component>
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8
KorotkinSE/.idea/modules.xml
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8
KorotkinSE/.idea/modules.xml
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<project version="4">
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<component name="ProjectModuleManager">
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<modules>
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<module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/.idea/пересдача сава.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/.idea/пересдача сава.iml" />
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</modules>
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</component>
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</project>
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12
KorotkinSE/.idea/пересдача сава.iml
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12
KorotkinSE/.idea/пересдача сава.iml
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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||||
<module type="PYTHON_MODULE" version="4">
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<component name="NewModuleRootManager">
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||||
<content url="file://$MODULE_DIR$" />
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<orderEntry type="inheritedJdk" />
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||||
<orderEntry type="sourceFolder" forTests="false" />
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||||
</component>
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||||
<component name="PackageRequirementsSettings" />
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<component name="PyDocumentationSettings" />
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<component name="ReSTService" />
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<component name="TestRunnerService" />
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</module>
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87
KorotkinSE/task1/bst.py
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87
KorotkinSE/task1/bst.py
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class BSTNode:
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def __init__(self, name, phone):
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self.name = name
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self.phone = phone
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self.left = None
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self.right = None
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def bst_insert(root, name, phone):
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"""Итеративная вставка в BST (защита от RecursionError)"""
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new_node = BSTNode(name, phone)
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if root is None:
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return new_node
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current = root
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while True:
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if name < current.name:
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if current.left is None:
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current.left = new_node
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break
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current = current.left
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elif name > current.name:
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if current.right is None:
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current.right = new_node
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break
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current = current.right
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else:
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current.phone = phone
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break
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return root
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def bst_find(root, name):
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"""Итеративный поиск в BST"""
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current = root
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while current is not None:
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if name == current.name:
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return current.phone
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elif name < current.name:
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current = current.left
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else:
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current = current.right
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return None
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def bst_find_min(root):
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"""Поиск минимального узла в поддереве"""
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current = root
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while current.left is not None:
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current = current.left
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return current
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def bst_delete(root, name):
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"""Рекурсивное удаление из BST"""
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if root is None:
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return None
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if name < root.name:
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root.left = bst_delete(root.left, name)
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elif name > root.name:
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root.right = bst_delete(root.right, name)
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else:
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# Узел найден
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if root.left is None:
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return root.right
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elif root.right is None:
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return root.left
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else:
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# Узел с двумя потомками: ищем минимального в правом поддереве
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min_node = bst_find_min(root.right)
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root.name = min_node.name
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root.phone = min_node.phone
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root.right = bst_delete(root.right, min_node.name)
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return root
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def bst_list_all(root, records=None):
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"""Обход дерева In-Order (результат будет отсортирован по имени)"""
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if records is None:
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records = []
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stack = []
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current = root
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while stack or current:
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while current is not None:
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stack.append(current)
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current = current.left
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current = stack.pop()
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records.append((current.name, current.phone))
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current = current.right
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return records
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3
KorotkinSE/task1/config.py
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3
KorotkinSE/task1/config.py
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N = 10000 # Количество записей
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REPEATS = 5 # Количество повторений каждого эксперимента
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HASH_TABLE_SIZE = 1000 # Размер хеш-таблиц
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19
KorotkinSE/task1/docs/data/results.csv
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19
KorotkinSE/task1/docs/data/results.csv
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@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
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Структура,Режим,Операция,Повтор1,Повтор2,Повтор3,Повтор4,Повтор5,Среднее,Стд_откл
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linkedlist,случайный,вставка,2.3635245840000607,2.337935127000037,2.4137935009998728,2.4042272930000763,2.4122695850001037,2.38635001800003,0.030363029433471897
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linkedlist,случайный,поиск,0.02570149999996829,0.025213542000074085,0.025948249999828477,0.026009624999915104,0.026112375000138854,0.025797058399984963,0.0003215869445050307
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linkedlist,случайный,удаление,0.016647334000026603,0.01663895899991985,0.01667366700007733,0.016610208999964016,0.01672870800007331,0.016659775400012223,3.997403873440274e-05
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linkedlist,отсортированный,вставка,2.3109379600000466,2.264703584000017,2.316130542999872,2.284916917999908,2.318063792999965,2.2989505595999615,0.020851684456072588
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linkedlist,отсортированный,поиск,0.004094749999921987,0.004053457999816601,0.0041345409999848926,0.004297833999999057,0.0033806249998633575,0.003992241599917179,0.0003168488975511897
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||||
linkedlist,отсортированный,удаление,0.0003173750001224107,0.0003104170000369777,0.0003109169999788719,0.00031149999995250255,0.0003161669999371952,0.00031327520000559164,2.9000902571259865e-06
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hashtable,случайный,вставка,0.013249374999986685,0.013144917000090572,0.02422241599992958,0.013062666999985595,0.01308720799988805,0.015353316599976097,0.004435016279395724
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hashtable,случайный,поиск,0.00011279199998170952,0.00011433300005592173,0.00011237499984417809,0.00011212499998691783,0.0001142920000347658,0.00011318339998069859,9.463075292526211e-07
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||||
hashtable,случайный,удаление,7.074999984979513e-05,6.570899995494983e-05,6.491599992841657e-05,6.479100011347327e-05,6.6333999939161e-05,6.649999995715916e-05,2.1975200865362404e-06
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||||
hashtable,отсортированный,вставка,0.01251583400016898,0.01208116699990569,0.022846750000098837,0.012536542000134432,0.012132250000149725,0.014422508600091533,0.00421633220121728
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hashtable,отсортированный,поиск,8.637499990982178e-05,8.450000018456194e-05,8.729199998924742e-05,8.795799999461451e-05,8.379199994124065e-05,8.598340000389725e-05,1.5979698864455834e-06
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||||
hashtable,отсортированный,удаление,4.291699997338583e-05,4.662500009544601e-05,4.162499999438296e-05,4.1666000015538884e-05,4.100000001017179e-05,4.2766600017785095e-05,2.027082527733586e-06
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bst,случайный,вставка,0.013675791999958165,0.025771416999987196,0.01384533400005239,0.0137412089998179,0.01391079199993328,0.016188908799949785,0.004791943504737542
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bst,случайный,поиск,9.854199993242219e-05,9.945800002242322e-05,0.00010287500003869354,0.00010529099995437718,0.0001083750000816508,0.00010290820000591339,3.647802733376221e-06
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bst,случайный,удаление,9.716600015963195e-05,9.358300007988873e-05,8.737500002098386e-05,8.770800013735425e-05,9.237499989467324e-05,9.164140005850641e-05,3.7014318813103768e-06
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bst,отсортированный,вставка,2.988990418000185,2.9420982929998445,2.986055001000068,2.9274152929999673,2.98659466800018,2.9662307346000487,0.026133150420471474
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bst,отсортированный,поиск,0.0003200409998953546,0.0003140829999210837,0.00031620899994777574,0.00033816599989222595,0.00025933300003089244,0.0003095663999374665,2.6516306825547305e-05
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||||
bst,отсортированный,удаление,0.0005570420000822196,0.0005972080000447022,0.0005435420000594604,0.0006366249999700813,0.0005554580000080023,0.0005779750000328932,3.4469023909338266e-05
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||||
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BIN
KorotkinSE/task1/docs/performance_chart.png
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BIN
KorotkinSE/task1/docs/performance_chart.png
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Binary file not shown.
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After Width: | Height: | Size: 79 KiB |
85
KorotkinSE/task1/docs/report.md
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KorotkinSE/task1/docs/report.md
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# Отчёт по лабораторной работе
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## Цель работы
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Реализовать три структуры данных «с нуля» (связный список, хеш-таблица, двоичное дерево поиска), применить их для хранения записей телефонного справочника и экспериментально сравнить производительность основных операций.
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## Параметры эксперимента
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- Количество записей: 10000
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- Количество повторов каждого теста: 5
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- Размер хеш-таблицы: 1000 корзин
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## Результаты экспериментов
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### 1. Связный список
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| Режим | Вставка (сек) | Поиск (сек) | Удаление (сек) |
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|-------|---------------|-------------|----------------|
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| Случайный | 2.3864 | 0.0258 | 0.0167 |
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| Отсортированный | 2.2990 | 0.0040 | 0.0003 |
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### 2. Хеш-таблица
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| Режим | Вставка (сек) | Поиск (сек) | Удаление (сек) |
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|-------|---------------|-------------|----------------|
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| Случайный | 0.0154 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 |
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| Отсортированный | 0.0144 | 0.0001 | 0.0000 |
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### 3. Двоичное дерево поиска (BST)
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| Режим | Вставка (сек) | Поиск (сек) | Удаление (сек) |
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|-------|---------------|-------------|----------------|
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| Случайный | 0.0162 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 |
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| Отсортированный | 2.9662 | 0.0003 | 0.0006 |
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## Анализ результатов
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### 1. Влияние порядка данных на BST
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При добавлении уже отсортированных элементов BST вырождается в линейную структуру — сложность падает с O(log n) до O(n).
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Время вставки выросло с 0.0162 до 2.9662 секунд — замедление в 183.2 раза.
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### 2. Почему хеш-таблица не чувствительна к порядку
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Хеш-функция равномерно распределяет ключи по корзинам независимо от их исходного порядка. Поэтому последовательность добавления практически не влияет на производительность.
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Сравнение случайного и упорядоченного ввода:
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- Случайный режим: 0.0154 с
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- Упорядоченный режим: 0.0144 с
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- Различие: 0.94
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### 3. Почему связный список медленный при поиске
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Поиск в связном списке требует линейного обхода O(n) — структура не поддерживает произвольный доступ. Это делает его непригодным для крупных справочников, где нужен быстрый поиск по ключу.
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Сравнение скорости поиска на случайных данных:
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- LinkedList: 0.0258 сек
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- HashTable: 0.0001 сек (преимущество в 227.9)
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- BST: 0.0001 сек
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### 4. Сравнение удаления
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| Структура | Сложность | Время на 50 удалений (случайные данные) |
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|-----------|-----------|------------------------------------------|
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| Связный список | O(n) | 0.0167 сек|
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| Хеш-таблица | O(1) в среднем | 0.0001 сек |
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| BST | O(log n) в среднем | 0.0001 сек |
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## Вывод:
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| Задача | Рекомендация | Почему |
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|--------|-------------|--------|
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| Частый поиск | Хеш-таблица | O(1) в среднем, не зависит от порядка |
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| Частые вставки/удаления | Хеш-таблица | Амортизированное O(1) |
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| Нужен отсортированный вывод | Сбалансированное дерево (AVL/Red-Black) | In-order обход даёт сортировку |
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| Мало данных (<100 элементов) | Связный список или массив | Простота, накладные расходы не оправданы |
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| Последовательный доступ (очередь/стек) | Связный список | Вставка/удаление в начало/конец за O(1) |
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## Заключение
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Проведённый эксперимент подтверждает теоретические оценки сложности:
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1. **Небалансированное BST это плохой выбор** при работе с реальными данными, которые могут оказаться упорядоченными. Деградация до O(n) делает его непригодным для надёжных систем.
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2. **Хеш-таблица показывает стабильные результаты** вне зависимости от порядка входных данных — ключевое преимущество для телефонного справочника с произвольными именами абонентов.
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3. **Связный список — нишевый инструмент**, эффективный только при работе с малыми объёмами данных.
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90
KorotkinSE/task1/experiment.py
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90
KorotkinSE/task1/experiment.py
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import time
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import numpy as np
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from linkedlist import ll_insert, ll_find, ll_delete
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from hashtable import ht_create, ht_insert, ht_find, ht_delete
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from bst import bst_insert, bst_find, bst_delete
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def measure_insert(records, struct_type, params=None): #Замер времени вставки всех записей
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start = time.perf_counter()
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if struct_type == 'linkedlist':
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head = None
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for name, phone in records:
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head = ll_insert(head, name, phone)
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result = head
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elif struct_type == 'hashtable':
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size = params.get('size', 1000) if params else 1000
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buckets = ht_create(size)
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for name, phone in records:
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ht_insert(buckets, name, phone)
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result = buckets
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elif struct_type == 'bst':
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root = None
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for name, phone in records:
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root = bst_insert(root, name, phone)
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result = root
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end = time.perf_counter()
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return end - start, result
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def measure_find(structure, names_to_find, struct_type): #Замер времени поиска записей
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start = time.perf_counter()
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|
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for name in names_to_find:
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if struct_type == 'linkedlist':
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ll_find(structure, name)
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elif struct_type == 'hashtable':
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ht_find(structure, name)
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elif struct_type == 'bst':
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bst_find(structure, name)
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||||
|
||||
end = time.perf_counter()
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||||
return end - start
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||||
|
||||
def measure_delete(structure, names_to_delete, struct_type): #Замер времени удаления записей
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start = time.perf_counter()
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||||
|
||||
for name in names_to_delete:
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if struct_type == 'linkedlist':
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structure = ll_delete(structure, name)
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elif struct_type == 'hashtable':
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ht_delete(structure, name)
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elif struct_type == 'bst':
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structure = bst_delete(structure, name)
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|
||||
end = time.perf_counter()
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return end - start, structure
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||||
|
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def run_single_experiment(struct_type, mode, data_records, names_to_find, names_to_delete, repeats, params=None): #Запуск одного эксперимента
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insert_times = []
|
||||
find_times = []
|
||||
delete_times = []
|
||||
|
||||
for i in range(repeats):
|
||||
if struct_type == 'hashtable':
|
||||
insert_time, structure = measure_insert(data_records, struct_type, params)
|
||||
else:
|
||||
insert_time, structure = measure_insert(data_records, struct_type)
|
||||
insert_times.append(insert_time)
|
||||
|
||||
find_time = measure_find(structure, names_to_find, struct_type)
|
||||
find_times.append(find_time)
|
||||
|
||||
delete_time, structure = measure_delete(structure, names_to_delete, struct_type)
|
||||
delete_times.append(delete_time)
|
||||
|
||||
return {
|
||||
'structure': struct_type,
|
||||
'mode': mode,
|
||||
'insert_mean': np.mean(insert_times),
|
||||
'insert_std': np.std(insert_times),
|
||||
'insert_all': insert_times,
|
||||
'find_mean': np.mean(find_times),
|
||||
'find_std': np.std(find_times),
|
||||
'find_all': find_times,
|
||||
'delete_mean': np.mean(delete_times),
|
||||
'delete_std': np.std(delete_times),
|
||||
'delete_all': delete_times
|
||||
}
|
||||
18
KorotkinSE/task1/generator.py
Normal file
18
KorotkinSE/task1/generator.py
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
|
|||
import random
|
||||
|
||||
def generate_test_data(N): #Генерирует N записей с именами User_00000 ... User_N-1
|
||||
records = [(f"User_{i:05d}", f"+7-999-{i:05d}") for i in range(N)]
|
||||
|
||||
records_shuffled = records.copy()
|
||||
random.shuffle(records_shuffled)
|
||||
|
||||
records_sorted = sorted(records, key=lambda x: x[0])
|
||||
|
||||
return records, records_shuffled, records_sorted
|
||||
|
||||
def get_names_for_operations(records, num_find=100, num_delete=50, num_nonexistent=10): #Подготавливает имена для операций поиска и удаления
|
||||
existing_names = [name for name, _ in records[:num_find + num_delete]]
|
||||
names_to_find = existing_names[:num_find] + [f"None_{i}" for i in range(num_nonexistent)]
|
||||
names_to_delete = existing_names[num_find:num_find + num_delete]
|
||||
|
||||
return names_to_find, names_to_delete
|
||||
38
KorotkinSE/task1/hashtable.py
Normal file
38
KorotkinSE/task1/hashtable.py
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
|
|||
from linkedlist import Node, ll_insert, ll_find, ll_delete
|
||||
|
||||
def hash_function(name, size):
|
||||
"""Полиномиальный хэш для уменьшения коллизий"""
|
||||
h = 0
|
||||
for char in name:
|
||||
h = (h * 31 + ord(char)) % size
|
||||
return h
|
||||
|
||||
def ht_create(size):
|
||||
"""Создание массива корзин (buckets)"""
|
||||
return [None] * size
|
||||
|
||||
def ht_insert(buckets, name, phone):
|
||||
"""Вставка записи в соответствующую корзину"""
|
||||
index = hash_function(name, len(buckets))
|
||||
buckets[index] = ll_insert(buckets[index], name, phone)
|
||||
|
||||
def ht_find(buckets, name):
|
||||
"""Поиск записи в корзине"""
|
||||
index = hash_function(name, len(buckets))
|
||||
return ll_find(buckets[index], name)
|
||||
|
||||
def ht_delete(buckets, name):
|
||||
"""Удаление записи из корзины"""
|
||||
index = hash_function(name, len(buckets))
|
||||
buckets[index] = ll_delete(buckets[index], name)
|
||||
|
||||
def ht_list_all(buckets):
|
||||
"""Сбор всех записей из всех корзин и сортировка по имени"""
|
||||
records = []
|
||||
for bucket in buckets:
|
||||
current = bucket
|
||||
while current is not None:
|
||||
records.append((current.name, current.phone))
|
||||
current = current.next
|
||||
records.sort(key=lambda x: x[0])
|
||||
return records
|
||||
57
KorotkinSE/task1/linkedlist.py
Normal file
57
KorotkinSE/task1/linkedlist.py
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
|
|||
class Node:
|
||||
def __init__(self, name, phone):
|
||||
self.name = name
|
||||
self.phone = phone
|
||||
self.next = None
|
||||
|
||||
def ll_insert(head, name, phone):
|
||||
"""Обновление записи или вставка в конец списка"""
|
||||
if head is None:
|
||||
return Node(name, phone)
|
||||
|
||||
current = head
|
||||
while current is not None:
|
||||
if current.name == name:
|
||||
current.phone = phone
|
||||
return head
|
||||
if current.next is None:
|
||||
break
|
||||
current = current.next
|
||||
|
||||
current.next = Node(name, phone)
|
||||
return head
|
||||
|
||||
def ll_find(head, name):
|
||||
"""Поиск телефона по имени"""
|
||||
current = head
|
||||
while current is not None:
|
||||
if current.name == name:
|
||||
return current.phone
|
||||
current = current.next
|
||||
return None
|
||||
|
||||
def ll_delete(head, name):
|
||||
"""Удаление записи по имени"""
|
||||
if head is None:
|
||||
return None
|
||||
|
||||
if head.name == name:
|
||||
return head.next
|
||||
|
||||
current = head
|
||||
while current.next is not None:
|
||||
if current.next.name == name:
|
||||
current.next = current.next.next
|
||||
return head
|
||||
current = current.next
|
||||
return head
|
||||
|
||||
def ll_list_all(head):
|
||||
"""Сбор всех записей и сортировка по имени"""
|
||||
records = []
|
||||
current = head
|
||||
while current is not None:
|
||||
records.append((current.name, current.phone))
|
||||
current = current.next
|
||||
records.sort(key=lambda x: x[0])
|
||||
return records
|
||||
51
KorotkinSE/task1/main.py
Normal file
51
KorotkinSE/task1/main.py
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
|
|||
from config import N, REPEATS, HASH_TABLE_SIZE
|
||||
from generator import generate_test_data, get_names_for_operations
|
||||
from experiment import run_single_experiment
|
||||
from rezults import save_to_csv, plot_results, print_analysis, save_report_md
|
||||
|
||||
def main():
|
||||
print(f"Количество записей: {N}")
|
||||
print(f"Количество повторов: {REPEATS}")
|
||||
print(f"Размер хеш-таблицы: {HASH_TABLE_SIZE}")
|
||||
print()
|
||||
|
||||
records, records_shuffled, records_sorted = generate_test_data(N)
|
||||
names_to_find, names_to_delete = get_names_for_operations(records)
|
||||
|
||||
experiments = [
|
||||
('linkedlist', 'случайный', records_shuffled),
|
||||
('linkedlist', 'отсортированный', records_sorted),
|
||||
('hashtable', 'случайный', records_shuffled),
|
||||
('hashtable', 'отсортированный', records_sorted),
|
||||
('bst', 'случайный', records_shuffled),
|
||||
('bst', 'отсортированный', records_sorted),
|
||||
]
|
||||
|
||||
results = []
|
||||
|
||||
for struct_type, mode, data_records in experiments:
|
||||
print(f"Тестирование: {struct_type} - {mode}")
|
||||
|
||||
params = {'size': HASH_TABLE_SIZE} if struct_type == 'hashtable' else None
|
||||
|
||||
result = run_single_experiment(
|
||||
struct_type, mode, data_records,
|
||||
names_to_find, names_to_delete,
|
||||
REPEATS, params
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
results.append(result)
|
||||
|
||||
print(f" Insert: {result['insert_mean']:.4f} ± {result['insert_std']:.4f} sec")
|
||||
print(f" Find: {result['find_mean']:.4f} ± {result['find_std']:.4f} sec")
|
||||
print(f" Delete: {result['delete_mean']:.4f} ± {result['delete_std']:.4f} sec")
|
||||
print()
|
||||
|
||||
save_to_csv(results)
|
||||
plot_results(results)
|
||||
save_report_md(results)
|
||||
print_analysis(results)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
if __name__ == "__main__":
|
||||
main()
|
||||
288
KorotkinSE/task1/rezults.py
Normal file
288
KorotkinSE/task1/rezults.py
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,288 @@
|
|||
import csv
|
||||
import os
|
||||
import numpy as np
|
||||
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
|
||||
|
||||
def ensure_directories():
|
||||
os.makedirs('docs/data', exist_ok=True)
|
||||
|
||||
def save_to_csv(results, filename="docs/data/results.csv"):
|
||||
ensure_directories()
|
||||
|
||||
with open(filename, 'w', newline='', encoding='utf-8') as f:
|
||||
writer = csv.writer(f)
|
||||
writer.writerow(['Структура', 'Режим', 'Операция',
|
||||
'Повтор1', 'Повтор2', 'Повтор3', 'Повтор4', 'Повтор5',
|
||||
'Среднее', 'Стд_откл'])
|
||||
|
||||
for res in results:
|
||||
struct_name = res['structure']
|
||||
mode = res['mode']
|
||||
|
||||
for op, times, mean, std in [
|
||||
('вставка', res['insert_all'], res['insert_mean'], res['insert_std']),
|
||||
('поиск', res['find_all'], res['find_mean'], res['find_std']),
|
||||
('удаление', res['delete_all'], res['delete_mean'], res['delete_std'])
|
||||
]:
|
||||
row = [struct_name, mode, op] + times + [mean, std]
|
||||
writer.writerow(row)
|
||||
|
||||
def plot_results(results, filename="docs/performance_chart.png"):
|
||||
ensure_directories()
|
||||
struct_names = {
|
||||
'linkedlist': 'LinkedList',
|
||||
'hashtable': 'HashTable',
|
||||
'bst': 'BST'
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
operations = ['insert', 'find', 'delete']
|
||||
op_names = {'insert': 'Вставка', 'find': 'Поиск', 'delete': 'Удаление'}
|
||||
random_data = {}
|
||||
sorted_data = {}
|
||||
|
||||
for res in results:
|
||||
struct_name = struct_names.get(res['structure'], res['structure'])
|
||||
mode = res['mode']
|
||||
|
||||
if mode == 'случайный':
|
||||
random_data[struct_name] = {
|
||||
'insert': res['insert_mean'],
|
||||
'find': res['find_mean'],
|
||||
'delete': res['delete_mean']
|
||||
}
|
||||
else:
|
||||
sorted_data[struct_name] = {
|
||||
'insert': res['insert_mean'],
|
||||
'find': res['find_mean'],
|
||||
'delete': res['delete_mean']
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
structure_order = ['LinkedList', 'HashTable', 'BST']
|
||||
|
||||
fig, axes = plt.subplots(1, 3, figsize=(15, 5))
|
||||
|
||||
for idx, op in enumerate(operations):
|
||||
ax = axes[idx]
|
||||
|
||||
x = np.arange(len(structure_order))
|
||||
width = 0.35
|
||||
|
||||
random_means = []
|
||||
sorted_means = []
|
||||
|
||||
for struct in structure_order:
|
||||
if struct in random_data:
|
||||
random_means.append(random_data[struct][op])
|
||||
else:
|
||||
random_means.append(0)
|
||||
|
||||
if struct in sorted_data:
|
||||
sorted_means.append(sorted_data[struct][op])
|
||||
else:
|
||||
sorted_means.append(0)
|
||||
|
||||
if not random_means and not sorted_means:
|
||||
print(f" Нет данных для операции {op}")
|
||||
continue
|
||||
|
||||
bars1 = ax.bar(x - width/2, random_means, width,
|
||||
label='Случайный порядок', color='skyblue')
|
||||
bars2 = ax.bar(x + width/2, sorted_means, width,
|
||||
label='Отсортированный порядок', color='salmon')
|
||||
|
||||
ax.set_xlabel('Структура данных')
|
||||
ax.set_ylabel('Время (секунды)')
|
||||
ax.set_title(f'{op_names.get(op, op)}')
|
||||
ax.set_xticks(x)
|
||||
ax.set_xticklabels(structure_order)
|
||||
ax.legend()
|
||||
|
||||
for bar in bars1 + bars2:
|
||||
height = bar.get_height()
|
||||
if height > 0:
|
||||
ax.annotate(f'{height:.3f}',
|
||||
xy=(bar.get_x() + bar.get_width() / 2, height),
|
||||
xytext=(0, 3), textcoords="offset points",
|
||||
ha='center', va='bottom', fontsize=8)
|
||||
|
||||
plt.tight_layout()
|
||||
plt.savefig(filename, dpi=150)
|
||||
plt.show()
|
||||
|
||||
def save_report_md(results, filename="docs/report.md"):
|
||||
ensure_directories()
|
||||
|
||||
results_dict = {}
|
||||
for res in results:
|
||||
key = (res['structure'], res['mode'])
|
||||
results_dict[key] = res
|
||||
|
||||
def get_val(struct, mode, field):
|
||||
key = (struct, mode)
|
||||
if key in results_dict:return results_dict[key][field]
|
||||
return 0.0
|
||||
|
||||
ll_random_insert = get_val('linkedlist', 'случайный', 'insert_mean')
|
||||
ll_random_find = get_val('linkedlist', 'случайный', 'find_mean')
|
||||
ll_random_delete = get_val('linkedlist', 'случайный', 'delete_mean')
|
||||
ll_sorted_insert = get_val('linkedlist', 'отсортированный', 'insert_mean')
|
||||
ll_sorted_find = get_val('linkedlist', 'отсортированный', 'find_mean')
|
||||
ll_sorted_delete = get_val('linkedlist', 'отсортированный', 'delete_mean')
|
||||
|
||||
ht_random_insert = get_val('hashtable', 'случайный', 'insert_mean')
|
||||
ht_random_find = get_val('hashtable', 'случайный', 'find_mean')
|
||||
ht_random_delete = get_val('hashtable', 'случайный', 'delete_mean')
|
||||
ht_sorted_insert = get_val('hashtable', 'отсортированный', 'insert_mean')
|
||||
ht_sorted_find = get_val('hashtable', 'отсортированный', 'find_mean')
|
||||
ht_sorted_delete = get_val('hashtable', 'отсортированный', 'delete_mean')
|
||||
|
||||
bst_random_insert = get_val('bst', 'случайный', 'insert_mean')
|
||||
bst_random_find = get_val('bst', 'случайный', 'find_mean')
|
||||
bst_random_delete = get_val('bst', 'случайный', 'delete_mean')
|
||||
bst_sorted_insert = get_val('bst', 'отсортированный', 'insert_mean')
|
||||
bst_sorted_find = get_val('bst', 'отсортированный', 'find_mean')
|
||||
bst_sorted_delete = get_val('bst', 'отсортированный', 'delete_mean')
|
||||
|
||||
from datetime import datetime
|
||||
|
||||
report_content = f"""# Отчёт по лабораторной работе
|
||||
|
||||
## Цель работы
|
||||
|
||||
Реализовать три структуры данных «с нуля» (связный список, хеш-таблица, двоичное дерево поиска), применить их для хранения записей телефонного справочника и экспериментально сравнить производительность основных операций.
|
||||
|
||||
## Параметры эксперимента
|
||||
|
||||
- Количество записей: 10000
|
||||
- Количество повторов каждого теста: 5
|
||||
- Размер хеш-таблицы: 1000 корзин
|
||||
|
||||
## Результаты экспериментов
|
||||
|
||||
### 1. Связный список
|
||||
|
||||
| Режим | Вставка (сек) | Поиск (сек) | Удаление (сек) |
|
||||
|-------|---------------|-------------|----------------|
|
||||
| Случайный | {ll_random_insert:.4f} | {ll_random_find:.4f} | {ll_random_delete:.4f} |
|
||||
| Отсортированный | {ll_sorted_insert:.4f} | {ll_sorted_find:.4f} | {ll_sorted_delete:.4f} |
|
||||
|
||||
### 2. Хеш-таблица
|
||||
|
||||
| Режим | Вставка (сек) | Поиск (сек) | Удаление (сек) |
|
||||
|-------|---------------|-------------|----------------|
|
||||
| Случайный | {ht_random_insert:.4f} | {ht_random_find:.4f} | {ht_random_delete:.4f} |
|
||||
| Отсортированный | {ht_sorted_insert:.4f} | {ht_sorted_find:.4f} | {ht_sorted_delete:.4f} |
|
||||
|
||||
### 3. Двоичное дерево поиска (BST)
|
||||
|
||||
| Режим | Вставка (сек) | Поиск (сек) | Удаление (сек) |
|
||||
|-------|---------------|-------------|----------------|
|
||||
| Случайный | {bst_random_insert:.4f} | {bst_random_find:.4f} | {bst_random_delete:.4f} |
|
||||
| Отсортированный | {bst_sorted_insert:.4f} | {bst_sorted_find:.4f} | {bst_sorted_delete:.4f} |
|
||||
|
||||
## Анализ результатов
|
||||
|
||||
### 1. Влияние порядка данных на BST
|
||||
При добавлении уже отсортированных элементов BST вырождается в линейную структуру — сложность падает с O(log n) до O(n).
|
||||
Время вставки выросло с {bst_random_insert:.4f} до {bst_sorted_insert:.4f} секунд — замедление в {bst_sorted_insert/bst_random_insert:.1f} раза.
|
||||
|
||||
### 2. Почему хеш-таблица не чувствительна к порядку
|
||||
|
||||
Хеш-функция равномерно распределяет ключи по корзинам независимо от их исходного порядка. Поэтому последовательность добавления практически не влияет на производительность.
|
||||
Сравнение случайного и упорядоченного ввода:
|
||||
- Случайный режим: {ht_random_insert:.4f} с
|
||||
- Упорядоченный режим: {ht_sorted_insert:.4f} с
|
||||
- Различие: {ht_sorted_insert/ht_random_insert:.2f}
|
||||
|
||||
### 3. Почему связный список медленный при поиске
|
||||
|
||||
Поиск в связном списке требует линейного обхода O(n) — структура не поддерживает произвольный доступ. Это делает его непригодным для крупных справочников, где нужен быстрый поиск по ключу.
|
||||
|
||||
Сравнение скорости поиска на случайных данных:
|
||||
- LinkedList: {ll_random_find:.4f} сек
|
||||
- HashTable: {ht_random_find:.4f} сек (преимущество в {ll_random_find/ht_random_find:.1f})
|
||||
- BST: {bst_random_find:.4f} сек
|
||||
|
||||
### 4. Сравнение удаления
|
||||
|
||||
| Структура | Сложность | Время на 50 удалений (случайные данные) |
|
||||
|-----------|-----------|------------------------------------------|
|
||||
| Связный список | O(n) | {ll_random_delete:.4f} сек|
|
||||
| Хеш-таблица | O(1) в среднем | {ht_random_delete:.4f} сек |
|
||||
| BST | O(log n) в среднем | {bst_random_delete:.4f} сек |
|
||||
|
||||
## Вывод:
|
||||
|
||||
| Задача | Рекомендация | Почему |
|
||||
|--------|-------------|--------|
|
||||
| Частый поиск | Хеш-таблица | O(1) в среднем, не зависит от порядка |
|
||||
| Частые вставки/удаления | Хеш-таблица | Амортизированное O(1) |
|
||||
| Нужен отсортированный вывод | Сбалансированное дерево (AVL/Red-Black) | In-order обход даёт сортировку |
|
||||
| Мало данных (<100 элементов) | Связный список или массив | Простота, накладные расходы не оправданы |
|
||||
| Последовательный доступ (очередь/стек) | Связный список | Вставка/удаление в начало/конец за O(1) |
|
||||
|
||||
## Заключение
|
||||
Проведённый эксперимент подтверждает теоретические оценки сложности:
|
||||
|
||||
1. **Небалансированное BST это плохой выбор** при работе с реальными данными, которые могут оказаться упорядоченными. Деградация до O(n) делает его непригодным для надёжных систем.
|
||||
|
||||
2. **Хеш-таблица показывает стабильные результаты** вне зависимости от порядка входных данных — ключевое преимущество для телефонного справочника с произвольными именами абонентов.
|
||||
|
||||
3. **Связный список — нишевый инструмент**, эффективный только при работе с малыми объёмами данных.
|
||||
|
||||
"""
|
||||
|
||||
with open(filename, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
|
||||
f.write(report_content)
|
||||
|
||||
def print_analysis(results):
|
||||
print("\n" + "="*60)
|
||||
print("Анализ результатов")
|
||||
print("="*60)
|
||||
|
||||
best_insert = min(results, key=lambda x: x['insert_mean'])
|
||||
best_find = min(results, key=lambda x: x['find_mean'])
|
||||
best_delete = min(results, key=lambda x: x['delete_mean'])
|
||||
|
||||
print(f"\n Лучшая для вставки: {best_insert['structure']} ({best_insert['mode']}) - {best_insert['insert_mean']:.4f} сек")
|
||||
print(f" Лучшая для поиска: {best_find['structure']} ({best_find['mode']}) - {best_find['find_mean']:.4f} сек")
|
||||
print(f" Лучшая для удаления: {best_delete['structure']} ({best_delete['mode']}) - {best_delete['delete_mean']:.4f} сек")
|
||||
|
||||
bst_random = None
|
||||
bst_sorted = None
|
||||
for res in results:
|
||||
if res['structure'] == 'bst' and res['mode'] == 'случайный':
|
||||
bst_random = res
|
||||
elif res['structure'] == 'bst' and res['mode'] == 'отсортированный':
|
||||
bst_sorted = res
|
||||
|
||||
if bst_random and bst_sorted:
|
||||
print("\n Влияние порядка данных на BST:")
|
||||
print(f" Вставка: случайный {bst_random['insert_mean']:.4f} сек vs отсортированный {bst_sorted['insert_mean']:.4f} сек")
|
||||
print(f" Деградация в {bst_sorted['insert_mean']/bst_random['insert_mean']:.1f}x")
|
||||
|
||||
ht_random = None
|
||||
ht_sorted = None
|
||||
for res in results:
|
||||
if res['structure'] == 'hashtable' and res['mode'] == 'случайный':
|
||||
ht_random = res
|
||||
elif res['structure'] == 'hashtable' and res['mode'] == 'отсортированный':
|
||||
ht_sorted = res
|
||||
|
||||
if ht_random and ht_sorted:
|
||||
print("\n Чувствительность хеш-таблицы к порядку:")
|
||||
print(f" Вставка: случайный {ht_random['insert_mean']:.4f} сек vs отсортированный {ht_sorted['insert_mean']:.4f} сек")
|
||||
print(f" Отношение: {ht_sorted['insert_mean']/ht_random['insert_mean']:.2f}x (почти не чувствительна)")
|
||||
|
||||
ll_random = None
|
||||
for res in results:
|
||||
if res['structure'] == 'linkedlist' and res['mode'] == 'случайный':
|
||||
ll_random = res
|
||||
elif res['structure'] == 'hashtable' and res['mode'] == 'случайный':
|
||||
ht_random = res
|
||||
|
||||
if ll_random and ht_random:
|
||||
print("\n Сравнение скорости поиска:")
|
||||
print(f" LinkedList: {ll_random['find_mean']:.4f} сек")
|
||||
print(f" HashTable: {ht_random['find_mean']:.4f} сек")
|
||||
print(f" HashTable быстрее в {ll_random['find_mean']/ht_random['find_mean']:.1f} раз")
|
||||
56
KorotkinSE/task2/builders.py
Normal file
56
KorotkinSE/task2/builders.py
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
|
|||
from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
|
||||
from models import Cell, Maze
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
class MazeBuilder(ABC):
|
||||
|
||||
@abstractmethod
|
||||
def build_from_file(self, filename: str) -> Maze:
|
||||
pass
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
class TextFileMazeBuilder(MazeBuilder):
|
||||
|
||||
WALL_CHAR = '#'
|
||||
START_CHAR = 'S'
|
||||
EXIT_CHAR = 'E'
|
||||
PASS_CHAR = ' '
|
||||
|
||||
def build_from_file(self, filename: str) -> Maze:
|
||||
with open(filename, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
|
||||
lines = [line.rstrip('\n') for line in f.readlines()]
|
||||
|
||||
if not lines:
|
||||
raise ValueError("Файл с лабиринтом пуст")
|
||||
|
||||
height = len(lines)
|
||||
width = max(len(line) for line in lines)
|
||||
|
||||
maze = Maze(width, height)
|
||||
|
||||
for y, line in enumerate(lines):
|
||||
for x, ch in enumerate(line):
|
||||
if x >= width:
|
||||
continue
|
||||
|
||||
cell = Cell(x, y)
|
||||
|
||||
if ch == self.WALL_CHAR:
|
||||
cell.is_wall = True
|
||||
elif ch == self.START_CHAR:
|
||||
cell.is_start = True
|
||||
elif ch == self.EXIT_CHAR:
|
||||
cell.is_exit = True
|
||||
elif ch == self.PASS_CHAR:
|
||||
pass
|
||||
else:
|
||||
cell.is_wall = True
|
||||
|
||||
maze.set_cell(x, y, cell)
|
||||
|
||||
if maze.start is None:
|
||||
raise ValueError("В лабиринте нет стартовой клетки (S)")
|
||||
if maze.exit is None:
|
||||
raise ValueError("В лабиринте нет выхода (E)")
|
||||
|
||||
return maze
|
||||
62
KorotkinSE/task2/commands.py
Normal file
62
KorotkinSE/task2/commands.py
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
|
|||
from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
|
||||
from typing import Optional
|
||||
from models import Cell, Maze
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
class Player:
|
||||
|
||||
def __init__(self, start_cell: Cell):
|
||||
self.current_cell = start_cell
|
||||
|
||||
def move_to(self, new_cell: Cell) -> None:
|
||||
self.current_cell = new_cell
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
class Command(ABC):
|
||||
|
||||
@abstractmethod
|
||||
def execute(self) -> bool:
|
||||
pass
|
||||
|
||||
@abstractmethod
|
||||
def undo(self) -> None:
|
||||
pass
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
class MoveCommand(Command):
|
||||
|
||||
def __init__(self, player: Player, maze: Maze, direction: str):
|
||||
self.player = player
|
||||
self.maze = maze
|
||||
self.direction = direction
|
||||
self.previous_cell: Optional[Cell] = None
|
||||
self.new_cell: Optional[Cell] = None
|
||||
|
||||
def _get_target_cell(self) -> Optional[Cell]:
|
||||
x, y = self.player.current_cell.x, self.player.current_cell.y
|
||||
|
||||
if self.direction == 'w':
|
||||
y -= 1
|
||||
elif self.direction == 's':
|
||||
y += 1
|
||||
elif self.direction == 'a':
|
||||
x -= 1
|
||||
elif self.direction == 'd':
|
||||
x += 1
|
||||
else:
|
||||
return None
|
||||
|
||||
return self.maze.get_cell(x, y)
|
||||
|
||||
def execute(self) -> bool:
|
||||
self.previous_cell = self.player.current_cell
|
||||
self.new_cell = self._get_target_cell()
|
||||
|
||||
if self.new_cell and self.new_cell.is_passable():
|
||||
self.player.move_to(self.new_cell)
|
||||
return True
|
||||
return False
|
||||
|
||||
def undo(self) -> None:
|
||||
if self.previous_cell:
|
||||
self.player.move_to(self.previous_cell)
|
||||
BIN
KorotkinSE/task2/docs/otchetlaba2.docx
Normal file
BIN
KorotkinSE/task2/docs/otchetlaba2.docx
Normal file
Binary file not shown.
BIN
KorotkinSE/task2/docs/~$chetlaba2.docx
Normal file
BIN
KorotkinSE/task2/docs/~$chetlaba2.docx
Normal file
Binary file not shown.
13
KorotkinSE/task2/experiment_results.csv
Normal file
13
KorotkinSE/task2/experiment_results.csv
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
|
|||
maze_file,maze_size,strategy,time_mean,time_min,time_max,visited_mean,path_length_mean,path_found
|
||||
small.txt,10×10,BFS,0.13488009572029114,0.10789930820465088,0.22369995713233948,15.0,15.0,True
|
||||
small.txt,10×10,DFS,0.06621982902288437,0.05200039595365524,0.11539924889802933,21.0,21.0,True
|
||||
small.txt,10×10,A*,0.1621600240468979,0.11659972369670868,0.21409988403320312,15.0,15.0,True
|
||||
medium.txt,20×11,BFS,0.8280398324131966,0.6230995059013367,1.116500236093998,26.0,26.0,True
|
||||
medium.txt,20×11,DFS,0.9217998012900352,0.771399587392807,1.2620994821190834,90.0,90.0,True
|
||||
medium.txt,20×11,A*,1.2338800355792046,1.066099852323532,1.5382999554276466,26.0,26.0,True
|
||||
large.txt,30×15,BFS,1.9566401839256287,1.3727005571126938,2.646399661898613,40.0,40.0,True
|
||||
large.txt,30×15,DFS,1.7152601853013039,1.3266997411847115,2.037300728261471,196.0,196.0,True
|
||||
large.txt,30×15,A*,1.906839944422245,1.2140991166234016,2.70990002900362,40.0,40.0,True
|
||||
empty.txt,30×1,BFS,0.09321998804807663,0.07409974932670593,0.12030079960823059,30.0,30.0,True
|
||||
empty.txt,30×1,DFS,0.24830028414726257,0.21299999207258224,0.2831006422638893,30.0,30.0,True
|
||||
empty.txt,30×1,A*,0.17731990665197372,0.09519979357719421,0.30350033193826675,30.0,30.0,True
|
||||
|
94
KorotkinSE/task2/experiments.py
Normal file
94
KorotkinSE/task2/experiments.py
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
|
|||
import csv
|
||||
import time
|
||||
from typing import List, Dict
|
||||
from models import Maze
|
||||
from builders import TextFileMazeBuilder
|
||||
from strategies import BFSStrategy, DFSStrategy, AStarStrategy
|
||||
from solver import MazeSolver
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def run_experiment(maze: Maze, strategy_name: str, strategy, repeats: int = 5) -> Dict:
|
||||
times = []
|
||||
visited_counts = []
|
||||
path_lengths = []
|
||||
path_found = True
|
||||
|
||||
for _ in range(repeats):
|
||||
solver = MazeSolver(maze, strategy)
|
||||
path, stats = solver.solve()
|
||||
|
||||
times.append(stats.time_ms)
|
||||
visited_counts.append(stats.visited_cells)
|
||||
path_lengths.append(stats.path_length)
|
||||
path_found = stats.path_found
|
||||
|
||||
return {
|
||||
'strategy': strategy_name,
|
||||
'time_mean': sum(times) / len(times),
|
||||
'time_min': min(times),
|
||||
'time_max': max(times),
|
||||
'visited_mean': sum(visited_counts) / len(visited_counts),
|
||||
'path_length_mean': sum(path_lengths) / len(path_lengths) if path_found else 0,
|
||||
'path_found': path_found
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def run_all_experiments(maze_files: List[str], repeats: int = 5) -> List[Dict]:
|
||||
builder = TextFileMazeBuilder()
|
||||
strategies = [
|
||||
('BFS', BFSStrategy()),
|
||||
('DFS', DFSStrategy()),
|
||||
('A*', AStarStrategy())
|
||||
]
|
||||
|
||||
results = []
|
||||
|
||||
for maze_file in maze_files:
|
||||
try:
|
||||
maze = builder.build_from_file(maze_file)
|
||||
except (ValueError, FileNotFoundError) as e:
|
||||
print(f" Ошибка: {e}")
|
||||
continue
|
||||
|
||||
print(f" Размер: {maze.width}×{maze.height}")
|
||||
print(f" Старт: ({maze.start.x}, {maze.start.y})")
|
||||
print(f" Выход: ({maze.exit.x}, {maze.exit.y})")
|
||||
|
||||
for strategy_name, strategy in strategies:
|
||||
print(f" Тестирование: {strategy_name}")
|
||||
result = run_experiment(maze, strategy_name, strategy, repeats)
|
||||
result['maze_file'] = maze_file.split('/')[-1]
|
||||
result['maze_size'] = f"{maze.width}×{maze.height}"
|
||||
results.append(result)
|
||||
|
||||
status = "ok" if result['path_found'] else "ne ok"
|
||||
print(f" {status} Время: {result['time_mean']:.2f} мс, "
|
||||
f"Посещено: {result['visited_mean']:.0f}, "
|
||||
f"Путь: {result['path_length_mean']:.0f}")
|
||||
|
||||
return results
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def save_results_to_csv(results: List[Dict], filename: str = "experiment_results.csv") -> None:
|
||||
with open(filename, 'w', newline='', encoding='utf-8') as f:
|
||||
writer = csv.DictWriter(f, fieldnames=[
|
||||
'maze_file', 'maze_size', 'strategy',
|
||||
'time_mean', 'time_min', 'time_max',
|
||||
'visited_mean', 'path_length_mean', 'path_found'
|
||||
])
|
||||
writer.writeheader()
|
||||
writer.writerows(results)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def print_results_table(results: List[Dict]) -> None:
|
||||
print("\n" + "=" * 80)
|
||||
print("РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТОВ")
|
||||
print("=" * 80)
|
||||
|
||||
for res in results:
|
||||
print(f"\nЛабиринт: {res['maze_file']}")
|
||||
print(f" Стратегия: {res['strategy']}")
|
||||
print(f" Время (ср): {res['time_mean']:.2f} мс")
|
||||
print(f" Посещено: {res['visited_mean']:.0f} клеток")
|
||||
print(f" Длина пути: {res['path_length_mean']:.0f}")
|
||||
146
KorotkinSE/task2/main.py
Normal file
146
KorotkinSE/task2/main.py
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
|
|||
import os
|
||||
from builders import TextFileMazeBuilder
|
||||
from strategies import BFSStrategy, DFSStrategy, AStarStrategy
|
||||
from solver import MazeSolver
|
||||
from observers import ConsoleView
|
||||
from commands import Player
|
||||
from experiments import run_all_experiments, save_results_to_csv, print_results_table
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def create_test_mazes():
|
||||
os.makedirs("mazes", exist_ok=True)
|
||||
|
||||
small = """##########
|
||||
#S #
|
||||
# ### ## #
|
||||
# # #
|
||||
### # ####
|
||||
# # #
|
||||
# ### # #
|
||||
# # #
|
||||
# # E#
|
||||
##########"""
|
||||
|
||||
medium = """####################
|
||||
#S #
|
||||
# # # # # # # # # #
|
||||
# #
|
||||
# # # # # # # # # #
|
||||
# #
|
||||
# # # # # # # # # #
|
||||
# #
|
||||
# # # # # # # # # #
|
||||
# E#
|
||||
####################"""
|
||||
|
||||
large = """##############################
|
||||
#S #
|
||||
# # # # # # # # # # # # # # #
|
||||
# #
|
||||
# # # # # # # # # # # # # # #
|
||||
# #
|
||||
# # # # # # # # # # # # # # #
|
||||
# #
|
||||
# # # # # # # # # # # # # # #
|
||||
# #
|
||||
# # # # # # # # # # # # # # #
|
||||
# #
|
||||
# # # # # # # # # # # # # # #
|
||||
# E#
|
||||
##############################"""
|
||||
|
||||
empty = "S" + " " * 28 + "E"
|
||||
|
||||
no_exit = """#######
|
||||
#S #
|
||||
# ### #
|
||||
# # #
|
||||
#######"""
|
||||
|
||||
with open("mazes/small.txt", "w") as f:
|
||||
f.write(small)
|
||||
with open("mazes/medium.txt", "w") as f:
|
||||
f.write(medium)
|
||||
with open("mazes/large.txt", "w") as f:
|
||||
f.write(large)
|
||||
with open("mazes/empty.txt", "w") as f:
|
||||
f.write(empty)
|
||||
with open("mazes/no_exit.txt", "w") as f:
|
||||
f.write(no_exit)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def demo_maze_solver():
|
||||
print("\n" + "=" * 60)
|
||||
print("ДЕМОНСТРАЦИЯ РАБОТЫ MAZE SOLVER")
|
||||
print("=" * 60)
|
||||
|
||||
builder = TextFileMazeBuilder()
|
||||
view = ConsoleView()
|
||||
|
||||
maze = builder.build_from_file("mazes/small.txt")
|
||||
view.update("maze_loaded", {"maze": maze})
|
||||
|
||||
strategies = [
|
||||
("BFS", BFSStrategy(), "BFS"),
|
||||
("DFS", DFSStrategy(), "DFSs"),
|
||||
("A*", AStarStrategy(), "A*")
|
||||
]
|
||||
|
||||
for name, strategy, description in strategies:
|
||||
solver = MazeSolver(maze, strategy)
|
||||
view.update("search_start", {"algorithm": description})
|
||||
|
||||
path, stats = solver.solve()
|
||||
|
||||
if stats.path_found:
|
||||
view.update("path_found", {"maze": maze, "path": path, "stats": stats})
|
||||
else:
|
||||
view.update("no_path", {"stats": stats})
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def demo_player_controls():
|
||||
print("\n" + "=" * 60)
|
||||
print("Command + Observer")
|
||||
print("=" * 60)
|
||||
|
||||
builder = TextFileMazeBuilder()
|
||||
view = ConsoleView()
|
||||
maze = builder.build_from_file("mazes/small.txt")
|
||||
|
||||
player = Player(maze.start)
|
||||
|
||||
view.update("maze_loaded", {"maze": maze})
|
||||
view.render(maze, player_position=player.current_cell)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def run_experiments():
|
||||
print("\n" + "=" * 60)
|
||||
print("ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОЕ СРАВНЕНИЕ АЛГОРИТМОВ")
|
||||
print("=" * 60)
|
||||
|
||||
maze_files = [
|
||||
"mazes/small.txt",
|
||||
"mazes/medium.txt",
|
||||
"mazes/large.txt",
|
||||
"mazes/empty.txt",
|
||||
"mazes/no_exit.txt"
|
||||
]
|
||||
|
||||
results = run_all_experiments(maze_files, repeats=5)
|
||||
save_results_to_csv(results)
|
||||
print_results_table(results)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def main():
|
||||
print("Объектно-ориентированная реализация с паттернами")
|
||||
print("Паттерны: Builder, Strategy, Observer, Command")
|
||||
|
||||
create_test_mazes()
|
||||
demo_maze_solver()
|
||||
demo_player_controls()
|
||||
run_experiments()
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
if __name__ == "__main__":
|
||||
main()
|
||||
1
KorotkinSE/task2/mazes/empty.txt
Normal file
1
KorotkinSE/task2/mazes/empty.txt
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1 @@
|
|||
S E
|
||||
15
KorotkinSE/task2/mazes/large.txt
Normal file
15
KorotkinSE/task2/mazes/large.txt
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
|
|||
##############################
|
||||
#S #
|
||||
# # # # # # # # # # # # # # #
|
||||
# #
|
||||
# # # # # # # # # # # # # # #
|
||||
# #
|
||||
# # # # # # # # # # # # # # #
|
||||
# #
|
||||
# # # # # # # # # # # # # # #
|
||||
# #
|
||||
# # # # # # # # # # # # # # #
|
||||
# #
|
||||
# # # # # # # # # # # # # # #
|
||||
# E#
|
||||
##############################
|
||||
11
KorotkinSE/task2/mazes/medium.txt
Normal file
11
KorotkinSE/task2/mazes/medium.txt
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
|
|||
####################
|
||||
#S #
|
||||
# # # # # # # # # #
|
||||
# #
|
||||
# # # # # # # # # #
|
||||
# #
|
||||
# # # # # # # # # #
|
||||
# #
|
||||
# # # # # # # # # #
|
||||
# E#
|
||||
####################
|
||||
5
KorotkinSE/task2/mazes/no_exit.txt
Normal file
5
KorotkinSE/task2/mazes/no_exit.txt
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
|
|||
#######
|
||||
#S #
|
||||
# ### #
|
||||
# # #
|
||||
#######
|
||||
10
KorotkinSE/task2/mazes/small.txt
Normal file
10
KorotkinSE/task2/mazes/small.txt
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
|
|||
##########
|
||||
#S #
|
||||
# ### ## #
|
||||
# # #
|
||||
### # ####
|
||||
# # #
|
||||
# ### # #
|
||||
# # #
|
||||
# # E#
|
||||
##########
|
||||
79
KorotkinSE/task2/models.py
Normal file
79
KorotkinSE/task2/models.py
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
|
|||
from typing import List, Optional
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
class Cell:
|
||||
|
||||
def __init__(self, x: int, y: int):
|
||||
self.x = x
|
||||
self.y = y
|
||||
self.is_wall = False
|
||||
self.is_start = False
|
||||
self.is_exit = False
|
||||
|
||||
def is_passable(self) -> bool:
|
||||
return not self.is_wall
|
||||
|
||||
def __eq__(self, other) -> bool:
|
||||
if not isinstance(other, Cell):
|
||||
return False
|
||||
return self.x == other.x and self.y == other.y
|
||||
|
||||
def __hash__(self):
|
||||
return hash((self.x, self.y))
|
||||
|
||||
def __repr__(self):
|
||||
return f"Cell({self.x}, {self.y})"
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
class Maze:
|
||||
|
||||
def __init__(self, width: int, height: int):
|
||||
self.width = width
|
||||
self.height = height
|
||||
self._cells: List[List[Optional[Cell]]] = [[None for _ in range(width)] for _ in range(height)]
|
||||
self.start: Optional[Cell] = None
|
||||
self.exit: Optional[Cell] = None
|
||||
|
||||
def set_cell(self, x: int, y: int, cell: Cell) -> None:
|
||||
if 0 <= x < self.width and 0 <= y < self.height:
|
||||
self._cells[y][x] = cell
|
||||
if cell.is_start:
|
||||
self.start = cell
|
||||
if cell.is_exit:
|
||||
self.exit = cell
|
||||
|
||||
def get_cell(self, x: int, y: int) -> Optional[Cell]:
|
||||
if 0 <= x < self.width and 0 <= y < self.height:
|
||||
return self._cells[y][x]
|
||||
return None
|
||||
|
||||
def get_neighbors(self, cell: Cell) -> List[Cell]:
|
||||
neighbors = []
|
||||
directions = [(0, -1), (0, 1), (-1, 0), (1, 0)]
|
||||
|
||||
for dx, dy in directions:
|
||||
nx, ny = cell.x + dx, cell.y + dy
|
||||
neighbor = self.get_cell(nx, ny)
|
||||
if neighbor and neighbor.is_passable():
|
||||
neighbors.append(neighbor)
|
||||
|
||||
return neighbors
|
||||
|
||||
def __str__(self) -> str:
|
||||
result = []
|
||||
for y in range(self.height):
|
||||
row = []
|
||||
for x in range(self.width):
|
||||
cell = self.get_cell(x, y)
|
||||
if cell is None:
|
||||
row.append('?')
|
||||
elif cell.is_start:
|
||||
row.append('S')
|
||||
elif cell.is_exit:
|
||||
row.append('E')
|
||||
elif cell.is_wall:
|
||||
row.append('#')
|
||||
else:
|
||||
row.append(' ')
|
||||
result.append(''.join(row))
|
||||
return '\n'.join(result)
|
||||
66
KorotkinSE/task2/observers.py
Normal file
66
KorotkinSE/task2/observers.py
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
|
|||
from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
|
||||
from typing import List, Optional
|
||||
from models import Cell, Maze
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
class Observer(ABC):
|
||||
|
||||
@abstractmethod
|
||||
def update(self, event: str, data: dict) -> None:
|
||||
pass
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
class ConsoleView(Observer):
|
||||
|
||||
def render(self, maze: Maze, player_position: Optional[Cell] = None, path: Optional[List[Cell]] = None) -> None:
|
||||
path_set = set(path) if path else set()
|
||||
|
||||
print("\n+" + "-" * maze.width + "+")
|
||||
|
||||
for y in range(maze.height):
|
||||
row = []
|
||||
for x in range(maze.width):
|
||||
cell = maze.get_cell(x, y)
|
||||
if cell is None:
|
||||
row.append('?')
|
||||
elif player_position and cell == player_position:
|
||||
row.append('@')
|
||||
elif cell.is_start:
|
||||
row.append('S')
|
||||
elif cell.is_exit:
|
||||
row.append('E')
|
||||
elif cell in path_set:
|
||||
row.append('*')
|
||||
elif cell.is_wall:
|
||||
row.append('#')
|
||||
else:
|
||||
row.append(' ')
|
||||
print("|" + ''.join(row) + "|")
|
||||
|
||||
print("+" + "-" * maze.width + "+")
|
||||
|
||||
def update(self, event: str, data: dict) -> None:
|
||||
if event == "maze_loaded":
|
||||
maze = data.get('maze')
|
||||
print("\n Лабиринт загружен:")
|
||||
self.render(maze)
|
||||
|
||||
elif event == "search_start":
|
||||
algorithm = data.get('algorithm', 'Unknown')
|
||||
print(f"\n Начинаем поиск алгоритмом: {algorithm}")
|
||||
|
||||
elif event == "path_found":
|
||||
maze = data.get('maze')
|
||||
path = data.get('path')
|
||||
stats = data.get('stats')
|
||||
self.render(maze, path=path)
|
||||
|
||||
elif event == "no_path":
|
||||
stats = data.get('stats')
|
||||
print(f"\n {stats}")
|
||||
|
||||
elif event == "player_moved":
|
||||
maze = data.get('maze')
|
||||
player = data.get('player')
|
||||
if player:
|
||||
self.render(maze, player_position=player.current_cell)
|
||||
49
KorotkinSE/task2/solver.py
Normal file
49
KorotkinSE/task2/solver.py
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
|
|||
import time
|
||||
from dataclasses import dataclass
|
||||
from typing import List, Optional, Tuple
|
||||
from models import Cell, Maze
|
||||
from strategies import PathFindingStrategy
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@dataclass
|
||||
class SearchStats:
|
||||
time_ms: float
|
||||
visited_cells: int
|
||||
path_length: int
|
||||
path_found: bool = True
|
||||
|
||||
def __str__(self) -> str:
|
||||
if not self.path_found:
|
||||
return f"Путь не найден (время: {self.time_ms:.2f} мс)"
|
||||
return (f"Время: {self.time_ms:.2f} мс, "
|
||||
f"Посещено клеток: {self.visited_cells}, "
|
||||
f"Длина пути: {self.path_length}")
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
class MazeSolver:
|
||||
|
||||
def __init__(self, maze: Maze, strategy: Optional[PathFindingStrategy] = None):
|
||||
self.maze = maze
|
||||
self._strategy = strategy
|
||||
|
||||
def set_strategy(self, strategy: PathFindingStrategy) -> None:
|
||||
self._strategy = strategy
|
||||
|
||||
def solve(self) -> Tuple[List[Cell], SearchStats]:
|
||||
if self._strategy is None:
|
||||
raise ValueError("Стратегия не установлена")
|
||||
|
||||
start_time = time.perf_counter()
|
||||
path = self._strategy.find_path(self.maze, self.maze.start, self.maze.exit)
|
||||
end_time = time.perf_counter()
|
||||
|
||||
time_ms = (end_time - start_time) * 1000
|
||||
|
||||
stats = SearchStats(
|
||||
time_ms=time_ms,
|
||||
visited_cells=len(path) if path else 0,
|
||||
path_length=len(path) if path else 0,
|
||||
path_found=bool(path)
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
return path, stats
|
||||
99
KorotkinSE/task2/strategies.py
Normal file
99
KorotkinSE/task2/strategies.py
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
|
|||
from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
|
||||
from collections import deque
|
||||
from heapq import heappush, heappop
|
||||
from typing import List, Dict, Optional
|
||||
from models import Cell, Maze
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
class PathFindingStrategy(ABC):
|
||||
|
||||
@abstractmethod
|
||||
def find_path(self, maze: Maze, start: Cell, exit_cell: Cell) -> List[Cell]:
|
||||
pass
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
class BFSStrategy(PathFindingStrategy):
|
||||
|
||||
def find_path(self, maze: Maze, start: Cell, exit_cell: Cell) -> List[Cell]:
|
||||
queue = deque([start])
|
||||
visited = {start}
|
||||
parent: Dict[Cell, Optional[Cell]] = {start: None}
|
||||
|
||||
while queue:
|
||||
current = queue.popleft()
|
||||
|
||||
if current == exit_cell:
|
||||
return self._reconstruct_path(parent, current)
|
||||
|
||||
for neighbor in maze.get_neighbors(current):
|
||||
if neighbor not in visited:
|
||||
visited.add(neighbor)
|
||||
parent[neighbor] = current
|
||||
queue.append(neighbor)
|
||||
|
||||
return []
|
||||
|
||||
def _reconstruct_path(self, parent: Dict[Cell, Optional[Cell]], current: Cell) -> List[Cell]:
|
||||
path = []
|
||||
while current is not None:
|
||||
path.append(current)
|
||||
current = parent.get(current)
|
||||
return list(reversed(path))
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
class DFSStrategy(PathFindingStrategy):
|
||||
|
||||
def find_path(self, maze: Maze, start: Cell, exit_cell: Cell) -> List[Cell]:
|
||||
stack = [(start, [start])]
|
||||
visited = {start}
|
||||
|
||||
while stack:
|
||||
current, path = stack.pop()
|
||||
|
||||
if current == exit_cell:
|
||||
return path
|
||||
|
||||
for neighbor in maze.get_neighbors(current):
|
||||
if neighbor not in visited:
|
||||
visited.add(neighbor)
|
||||
stack.append((neighbor, path + [neighbor]))
|
||||
|
||||
return []
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
class AStarStrategy(PathFindingStrategy):
|
||||
|
||||
def _heuristic(self, cell: Cell, exit_cell: Cell) -> int:
|
||||
return abs(cell.x - exit_cell.x) + abs(cell.y - exit_cell.y)
|
||||
|
||||
def find_path(self, maze: Maze, start: Cell, exit_cell: Cell) -> List[Cell]:
|
||||
counter = 0
|
||||
open_set = [(self._heuristic(start, exit_cell), counter, start)]
|
||||
|
||||
g_score: Dict[Cell, float] = {start: 0}
|
||||
parent: Dict[Cell, Optional[Cell]] = {start: None}
|
||||
|
||||
while open_set:
|
||||
_, _, current = heappop(open_set)
|
||||
|
||||
if current == exit_cell:
|
||||
return self._reconstruct_path(parent, current)
|
||||
|
||||
for neighbor in maze.get_neighbors(current):
|
||||
tentative_g = g_score[current] + 1
|
||||
|
||||
if neighbor not in g_score or tentative_g < g_score[neighbor]:
|
||||
parent[neighbor] = current
|
||||
g_score[neighbor] = tentative_g
|
||||
counter += 1
|
||||
f = tentative_g + self._heuristic(neighbor, exit_cell)
|
||||
heappush(open_set, (f, counter, neighbor))
|
||||
|
||||
return []
|
||||
|
||||
def _reconstruct_path(self, parent: Dict[Cell, Optional[Cell]], current: Cell) -> List[Cell]:
|
||||
path = []
|
||||
while current is not None:
|
||||
path.append(current)
|
||||
current = parent.get(current)
|
||||
return list(reversed(path))
|
||||
77
KorotkinSE/task2/visualize.py
Normal file
77
KorotkinSE/task2/visualize.py
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
|
|||
import pandas as pd
|
||||
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
|
||||
import numpy as np
|
||||
from pathlib import Path
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def plot_results(csv_file='experiment_results.csv'):
|
||||
|
||||
if not Path(csv_file).exists():
|
||||
print(f"❌ {csv_file} не найден. Сначала запустите main.py")
|
||||
return
|
||||
|
||||
df = pd.read_csv(csv_file)
|
||||
|
||||
df = df[df['path_found'] == True]
|
||||
|
||||
if df.empty:
|
||||
print("Нет данных для графиков")
|
||||
return
|
||||
|
||||
mazes = [m.replace('.txt', '') for m in df['maze_file'].unique()]
|
||||
strategies = df['strategy'].unique()
|
||||
|
||||
fig, axes = plt.subplots(1, 3, figsize=(14, 5))
|
||||
fig.suptitle('Сравнение алгоритмов поиска в лабиринте', fontsize=14, fontweight='bold')
|
||||
|
||||
x = np.arange(len(mazes))
|
||||
width = 0.25
|
||||
colors = {'BFS': '#3498db', 'DFS': '#2ecc71', 'A*': '#e74c3c'}
|
||||
|
||||
for i, strategy in enumerate(strategies):
|
||||
times, visited, lengths = [], [], []
|
||||
|
||||
for maze in df['maze_file'].unique():
|
||||
data = df[(df['strategy'] == strategy) & (df['maze_file'] == maze)]
|
||||
if not data.empty:
|
||||
times.append(data['time_mean'].values[0])
|
||||
visited.append(data['visited_mean'].values[0])
|
||||
lengths.append(data['path_length_mean'].values[0])
|
||||
else:
|
||||
times.append(0)
|
||||
visited.append(0)
|
||||
lengths.append(0)
|
||||
|
||||
axes[0].bar(x + i*width, times, width, label=strategy,
|
||||
color=colors.get(strategy, 'gray'), alpha=0.7)
|
||||
axes[1].bar(x + i*width, visited, width, label=strategy,
|
||||
color=colors.get(strategy, 'gray'), alpha=0.7)
|
||||
axes[2].bar(x + i*width, lengths, width, label=strategy,
|
||||
color=colors.get(strategy, 'gray'), alpha=0.7)
|
||||
|
||||
axes[0].set_title(' Время выполнения (мс)')
|
||||
axes[0].set_xticks(x + width)
|
||||
axes[0].set_xticklabels(mazes, rotation=45, ha='right')
|
||||
axes[0].legend()
|
||||
axes[0].grid(True, alpha=0.3)
|
||||
|
||||
axes[1].set_title(' Посещённые клетки')
|
||||
axes[1].set_xticks(x + width)
|
||||
axes[1].set_xticklabels(mazes, rotation=45, ha='right')
|
||||
axes[1].legend()
|
||||
axes[1].grid(True, alpha=0.3)
|
||||
|
||||
axes[2].set_title(' Длина пути')
|
||||
axes[2].set_xticks(x + width)
|
||||
axes[2].set_xticklabels(mazes, rotation=45, ha='right')
|
||||
axes[2].legend()
|
||||
axes[2].grid(True, alpha=0.3)
|
||||
|
||||
plt.tight_layout()
|
||||
plt.savefig('experiment_results.png', dpi=150, bbox_inches='tight')
|
||||
plt.show()
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
if __name__ == "__main__":
|
||||
plot_results()
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user