578 lines
18 KiB
Python
578 lines
18 KiB
Python
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class Cell:
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def __init__(self, x, y, is_wall=False, is_start=False, is_exit=False):
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self.x = x
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self.y = y
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self.is_wall = is_wall
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self.is_start = is_start
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self.is_exit = is_exit
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def __lt__(self, other):
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return (self.x, self.y) < (other.x, other.y)
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def is_passable(self):
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return not self.is_wall
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class Maze:
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def __init__(self, width, height):
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self.width = width
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self.height = height
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self.cells = [[Cell(x, y) for y in range(height)] for x in range(width)]
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self.start = None
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self.exit = None
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def get_cell(self, x, y):
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if 0 <= x < self.width and 0 <= y < self.height:
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return self.cells[x][y]
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return None
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def get_neighbors(self, cell):
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neighbors = []
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for dx, dy in [(-1, 0), (1, 0), (0, -1), (0, 1)]:
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nx, ny = cell.x + dx, cell.y + dy
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nb = self.get_cell(nx, ny)
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if nb and nb.is_passable():
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neighbors.append(nb)
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return neighbors
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def __repr__(self):
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rows = []
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for y in range(self.height):
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row = []
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for x in range(self.width):
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c = self.get_cell(x, y)
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if c.is_wall:
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row.append('#')
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elif c.is_start:
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row.append('S')
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elif c.is_exit:
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row.append('E')
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else:
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row.append(' ')
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rows.append(''.join(row))
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return '\n'.join(rows)
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def set_start(self, x, y):
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cell = self.get_cell(x, y)
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if cell and cell.is_passable():
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cell.is_start = True
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self.start = cell
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def set_exit(self, x, y):
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cell = self.get_cell(x, y)
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if cell and cell.is_passable():
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cell.is_exit = True
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self.exit = cell
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from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
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class MazeBuilder(ABC):
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@abstractmethod
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def build_from_file(self, filename):
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pass
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class TextFileMazeBuilder(MazeBuilder):
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def build_from_file(self, filename):
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with open(filename, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
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lines = [line.rstrip('\n') for line in f]
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h = len(lines)
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w = len(lines[0]) if h > 0 else 0
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maze = Maze(w, h)
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for y, line in enumerate(lines):
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for x, ch in enumerate(line):
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cell = maze.get_cell(x, y)
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if ch == '#':
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cell.is_wall = True
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elif ch == 'S':
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cell.is_start = True
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maze.start = cell
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elif ch == 'E':
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cell.is_exit = True
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maze.exit = cell
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else:
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cell.is_wall = False
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if not maze.start:
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raise ValueError("Нет старта (S)")
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if not maze.exit:
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raise ValueError("Нет выхода (E)")
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return maze
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from collections import deque
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import heapq
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import time
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# ========== Strategy ==========
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class PathFindingStrategy(ABC):
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@abstractmethod
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def find_path(self, maze):
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"""Возвращает список клеток от старта до выхода (включительно) или []"""
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pass
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class BFSStrategy(PathFindingStrategy):
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def find_path(self, maze):
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start = maze.start
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exit_cell = maze.exit
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if not start or not exit_cell:
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return []
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queue = deque([start])
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visited = {start}
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parent = {start: None}
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while queue:
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current = queue.popleft()
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if current == exit_cell:
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break
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for neighbor in maze.get_neighbors(current):
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if neighbor not in visited:
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visited.add(neighbor)
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parent[neighbor] = current
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queue.append(neighbor)
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if exit_cell not in parent:
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return []
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# Восстановление пути
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path = []
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step = exit_cell
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while step:
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path.append(step)
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step = parent[step]
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path.reverse()
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return path
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class DFSStrategy(PathFindingStrategy):
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def find_path(self, maze):
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start = maze.start
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exit_cell = maze.exit
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if not start or not exit_cell:
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return []
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stack = [(start, [start])]
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visited = {start}
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while stack:
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current, path = stack.pop()
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if current == exit_cell:
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return path
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for neighbor in maze.get_neighbors(current):
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if neighbor not in visited:
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visited.add(neighbor)
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stack.append((neighbor, path + [neighbor]))
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return []
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class AStarStrategy(PathFindingStrategy):
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def heuristic(self, a, b):
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# Манхэттенское расстояние
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return abs(a.x - b.x) + abs(a.y - b.y)
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def find_path(self, maze):
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start = maze.start
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exit_cell = maze.exit
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if not start or not exit_cell:
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return []
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open_set = [(self.heuristic(start, exit_cell), 0, start)]
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g_score = {start: 0}
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parent = {start: None}
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visited = {start}
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while open_set:
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_, cost, current = heapq.heappop(open_set)
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if current == exit_cell:
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break
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for neighbor in maze.get_neighbors(current):
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tentative_g = g_score[current] + 1
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if neighbor not in g_score or tentative_g < g_score[neighbor]:
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parent[neighbor] = current
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g_score[neighbor] = tentative_g
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f = tentative_g + self.heuristic(neighbor, exit_cell)
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heapq.heappush(open_set, (f, tentative_g, neighbor))
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visited.add(neighbor)
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if exit_cell not in parent:
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return []
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path = []
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step = exit_cell
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while step:
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path.append(step)
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step = parent[step]
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path.reverse()
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return path
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# ========== SearchStats ==========
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class SearchStats:
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def __init__(self, time_ms=0.0, visited_cells=0, path_length=0):
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self.time_ms = time_ms
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self.visited_cells = visited_cells
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self.path_length = path_length
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def __repr__(self):
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return f"time={self.time_ms:.3f} ms, visited={self.visited_cells}, path_len={self.path_length}"
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# ========== MazeSolver ==========
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class MazeSolver:
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def __init__(self, maze, strategy=None):
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self.maze = maze
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self.strategy = strategy
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self.observers = []
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def attach(self, observer):
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self.observers.append(observer)
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def notify(self, event_type, data=None):
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for obs in self.observers:
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obs.update(event_type, data)
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def set_strategy(self, strategy):
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self.strategy = strategy
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def solve(self):
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if not self.strategy:
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raise ValueError("Стратегия не установлена")
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start_time = time.perf_counter()
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path = self.strategy.find_path(self.maze)
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end_time = time.perf_counter()
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stats = SearchStats()
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stats.time_ms = (end_time - start_time) * 1000
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stats.path_length = len(path) if path else 0
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if path:
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self.notify("path_found", path)
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return path, stats
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# ========== Observer ==========
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class Observer(ABC):
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@abstractmethod
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def update(self, event_type, data):
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pass
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class ConsoleView(Observer):
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def __init__(self, maze):
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self.maze = maze
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def update(self, event_type, data):
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if event_type == "path_found":
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path = data
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self.render(path)
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elif event_type == "move":
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player_pos = data
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self.render(player_pos=player_pos)
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else:
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self.render()
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def render(self, path=None, player_pos=None):
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"""Отрисовка лабиринта с путём и/или позицией игрока"""
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# Копия лабиринта для отображения
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display = []
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for y in range(self.maze.height):
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row = []
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for x in range(self.maze.width):
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cell = self.maze.get_cell(x, y)
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if cell.is_wall:
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row.append('█')
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elif cell.is_start:
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row.append('S')
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elif cell.is_exit:
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row.append('E')
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else:
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row.append(' ')
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display.append(row)
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# Отметить путь (кроме старта и выхода)
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if path:
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for cell in path:
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if cell != self.maze.start and cell != self.maze.exit:
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display[cell.y][cell.x] = '•'
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# Отметить игрока (если есть)
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if player_pos:
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x, y = player_pos.x, player_pos.y
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if display[y][x] not in ('S', 'E'):
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display[y][x] = 'P'
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# Очистка консоли (для красоты, можно закомментировать)
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import os
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os.system('cls' if os.name == 'nt' else 'clear')
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for row in display:
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print(''.join(row))
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print()
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# ========== Command ==========
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class Command(ABC):
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@abstractmethod
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def execute(self):
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pass
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@abstractmethod
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def undo(self):
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pass
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class MoveCommand(Command):
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def __init__(self, player, direction, maze):
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self.player = player
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self.direction = direction # (dx, dy)
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self.maze = maze
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self.previous_cell = player.current_cell
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def execute(self):
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dx, dy = self.direction
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new_x = self.player.current_cell.x + dx
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new_y = self.player.current_cell.y + dy
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new_cell = self.maze.get_cell(new_x, new_y)
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if new_cell and new_cell.is_passable():
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self.player.move_to(new_cell)
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return True
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return False
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def undo(self):
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self.player.move_to(self.previous_cell)
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class Player:
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def __init__(self, start_cell):
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self.current_cell = start_cell
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def move_to(self, cell):
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self.current_cell = cell
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# ========== Observer ==========
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class Observer(ABC):
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@abstractmethod
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def update(self, event_type, data):
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pass
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class ConsoleView(Observer):
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def __init__(self, maze):
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self.maze = maze
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def update(self, event_type, data):
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if event_type == "path_found":
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path = data
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self.render(path=path)
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elif event_type == "move":
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player_pos = data
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self.render(player_pos=player_pos)
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else:
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self.render()
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def render(self, path=None, player_pos=None):
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"""Отрисовка лабиринта с путём и/или позицией игрока"""
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display = []
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for y in range(self.maze.height):
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row = []
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for x in range(self.maze.width):
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cell = self.maze.get_cell(x, y)
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if cell.is_wall:
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row.append('#')
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elif cell.is_start:
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row.append('S')
|
|||
|
|
elif cell.is_exit:
|
|||
|
|
row.append('E')
|
|||
|
|
else:
|
|||
|
|
row.append(' ')
|
|||
|
|
display.append(row)
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
if path:
|
|||
|
|
for cell in path:
|
|||
|
|
if cell != self.maze.start and cell != self.maze.exit:
|
|||
|
|
display[cell.y][cell.x] = '•'
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
if player_pos:
|
|||
|
|
x, y = player_pos.x, player_pos.y
|
|||
|
|
if display[y][x] not in ('S', 'E'):
|
|||
|
|
display[y][x] = 'P'
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
# Очистка консоли для красоты (можно закомментировать)
|
|||
|
|
import os
|
|||
|
|
os.system('cls' if os.name == 'nt' else 'clear')
|
|||
|
|
for row in display:
|
|||
|
|
print(''.join(row))
|
|||
|
|
print()
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
# ========== Command ==========
|
|||
|
|
class Command(ABC):
|
|||
|
|
@abstractmethod
|
|||
|
|
def execute(self):
|
|||
|
|
pass
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@abstractmethod
|
|||
|
|
def undo(self):
|
|||
|
|
pass
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
class MoveCommand(Command):
|
|||
|
|
def __init__(self, player, direction, maze):
|
|||
|
|
self.player = player
|
|||
|
|
self.direction = direction
|
|||
|
|
self.maze = maze
|
|||
|
|
self.previous_cell = player.current_cell
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
def execute(self):
|
|||
|
|
dx, dy = self.direction
|
|||
|
|
new_x = self.player.current_cell.x + dx
|
|||
|
|
new_y = self.player.current_cell.y + dy
|
|||
|
|
new_cell = self.maze.get_cell(new_x, new_y)
|
|||
|
|
if new_cell and new_cell.is_passable():
|
|||
|
|
self.player.move_to(new_cell)
|
|||
|
|
return True
|
|||
|
|
return False
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
def undo(self):
|
|||
|
|
self.player.move_to(self.previous_cell)
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
class Player:
|
|||
|
|
def __init__(self, start_cell):
|
|||
|
|
self.current_cell = start_cell
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
def move_to(self, cell):
|
|||
|
|
self.current_cell = cell
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
# ========== ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТЫ ==========
|
|||
|
|
import csv
|
|||
|
|
import random
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
def generate_test_mazes():
|
|||
|
|
"""Создаёт несколько лабиринтов для тестирования"""
|
|||
|
|
mazes = {}
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
# 1. Маленький лабиринт 5x5
|
|||
|
|
small = Maze(5, 5)
|
|||
|
|
for x in range(5):
|
|||
|
|
small.get_cell(x, 0).is_wall = True
|
|||
|
|
small.get_cell(x, 4).is_wall = True
|
|||
|
|
for y in range(5):
|
|||
|
|
small.get_cell(0, y).is_wall = True
|
|||
|
|
small.get_cell(4, y).is_wall = True
|
|||
|
|
small.get_cell(1, 1).is_wall = False
|
|||
|
|
small.get_cell(2, 1).is_wall = False
|
|||
|
|
small.get_cell(3, 1).is_wall = False
|
|||
|
|
small.get_cell(3, 2).is_wall = False
|
|||
|
|
small.get_cell(3, 3).is_wall = False
|
|||
|
|
small.set_start(1, 1)
|
|||
|
|
small.set_exit(3, 3)
|
|||
|
|
mazes["small"] = small
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
# 2. Средний лабиринт 15x15 (стены по краям и простой коридор)
|
|||
|
|
medium = Maze(15, 15)
|
|||
|
|
for x in range(15):
|
|||
|
|
medium.get_cell(x, 0).is_wall = True
|
|||
|
|
medium.get_cell(x, 14).is_wall = True
|
|||
|
|
for y in range(15):
|
|||
|
|
medium.get_cell(0, y).is_wall = True
|
|||
|
|
medium.get_cell(14, y).is_wall = True
|
|||
|
|
# Простой зигзаг
|
|||
|
|
for i in range(1, 14):
|
|||
|
|
medium.get_cell(i, i).is_wall = False
|
|||
|
|
medium.set_start(1, 1)
|
|||
|
|
medium.set_exit(13, 13)
|
|||
|
|
mazes["medium"] = medium
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
# 3. Пустой лабиринт (нет стен)
|
|||
|
|
empty = Maze(20, 20)
|
|||
|
|
for x in range(20):
|
|||
|
|
for y in range(20):
|
|||
|
|
empty.get_cell(x, y).is_wall = False
|
|||
|
|
empty.set_start(0, 0)
|
|||
|
|
empty.set_exit(19, 19)
|
|||
|
|
mazes["empty"] = empty
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
# 4. Лабиринт без выхода (путь заблокирован)
|
|||
|
|
no_exit = Maze(10, 10)
|
|||
|
|
for x in range(10):
|
|||
|
|
for y in range(10):
|
|||
|
|
no_exit.get_cell(x, y).is_wall = False
|
|||
|
|
for x in range(5, 10):
|
|||
|
|
no_exit.get_cell(x, 5).is_wall = True # стена блокирует
|
|||
|
|
no_exit.set_start(0, 0)
|
|||
|
|
no_exit.set_exit(9, 9)
|
|||
|
|
mazes["no_exit"] = no_exit
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
return mazes
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
def run_experiments(mazes, strategies, repeats=5):
|
|||
|
|
"""Прогоняет все стратегии на всех лабиринтах repeats раз, возвращает список результатов"""
|
|||
|
|
results = []
|
|||
|
|
for maze_name, maze in mazes.items():
|
|||
|
|
for strategy_name, strategy in strategies.items():
|
|||
|
|
solver = MazeSolver(maze)
|
|||
|
|
solver.set_strategy(strategy)
|
|||
|
|
for _ in range(repeats):
|
|||
|
|
path, stats = solver.solve()
|
|||
|
|
results.append({
|
|||
|
|
"maze": maze_name,
|
|||
|
|
"strategy": strategy_name,
|
|||
|
|
"time_ms": stats.time_ms,
|
|||
|
|
"path_length": stats.path_length
|
|||
|
|
})
|
|||
|
|
return results
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
def save_results_to_csv(results, filename="maze_results.csv"):
|
|||
|
|
with open(filename, "w", newline="", encoding="utf-8") as f:
|
|||
|
|
writer = csv.DictWriter(f, fieldnames=["maze", "strategy", "time_ms", "path_length"])
|
|||
|
|
writer.writeheader()
|
|||
|
|
writer.writerows(results)
|
|||
|
|
print(f"Результаты сохранены в {filename}")
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
def plot_maze_results(csv_file="maze_results.csv", output_png="maze_graphs.png"):
|
|||
|
|
try:
|
|||
|
|
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
|
|||
|
|
import pandas as pd
|
|||
|
|
except ImportError:
|
|||
|
|
print("matplotlib или pandas не установлены. Установи: pip install matplotlib pandas")
|
|||
|
|
return
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
df = pd.read_csv(csv_file)
|
|||
|
|
fig, axes = plt.subplots(1, 2, figsize=(14, 5))
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
# График времени
|
|||
|
|
for strategy in df["strategy"].unique():
|
|||
|
|
subset = df[df["strategy"] == strategy]
|
|||
|
|
axes[0].plot(subset["maze"], subset["time_ms"], marker='o', label=strategy)
|
|||
|
|
axes[0].set_title("Время поиска пути")
|
|||
|
|
axes[0].set_ylabel("Время (мс)")
|
|||
|
|
axes[0].legend()
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
# График длины пути
|
|||
|
|
for strategy in df["strategy"].unique():
|
|||
|
|
subset = df[df["strategy"] == strategy]
|
|||
|
|
axes[1].plot(subset["maze"], subset["path_length"], marker='s', label=strategy)
|
|||
|
|
axes[1].set_title("Длина найденного пути")
|
|||
|
|
axes[1].set_ylabel("Клеток")
|
|||
|
|
axes[1].legend()
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
plt.tight_layout()
|
|||
|
|
plt.savefig(output_png)
|
|||
|
|
print(f"График сохранён как {output_png}")
|
|||
|
|
# plt.show() # раскомментируй, если хочешь увидеть окно с графиком
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
if __name__ == "__main__":
|
|||
|
|
# Генерируем тестовые лабиринты
|
|||
|
|
mazes = generate_test_mazes()
|
|||
|
|
strategies = {
|
|||
|
|
"BFS": BFSStrategy(),
|
|||
|
|
"DFS": DFSStrategy(),
|
|||
|
|
"A*": AStarStrategy(),
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
print("Запуск экспериментов (может занять 10–20 секунд)...")
|
|||
|
|
results = run_experiments(mazes, strategies, repeats=5)
|
|||
|
|
save_results_to_csv(results)
|
|||
|
|
plot_maze_results()
|
|||
|
|
print("Готово! Файлы maze_results.csv и maze_graphs.png созданы.")
|