diff --git a/SmirnovaVYu/docs/data/builders.py b/SmirnovaVYu/docs/data/builders.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6837933
--- /dev/null
+++ b/SmirnovaVYu/docs/data/builders.py
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
+from models import Cell, Maze
+
+
+class MazeBuilder(ABC):
+    
+    @abstractmethod
+    def build_from_file(self, filename: str) -> Maze:
+        pass
+
+
+class TextFileMazeBuilder(MazeBuilder):
+    
+    WALL_CHAR = '#'
+    START_CHAR = 'S'
+    EXIT_CHAR = 'E'
+    PASS_CHAR = ' '
+    
+    def build_from_file(self, filename: str) -> Maze:
+        with open(filename, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+            lines = [line.rstrip('\n') for line in f.readlines()]
+        
+        if not lines:
+            raise ValueError("Файл с лабиринтом пуст")
+        
+        height = len(lines)
+        width = max(len(line) for line in lines)
+        
+        maze = Maze(width, height)
+        
+        for y, line in enumerate(lines):
+            for x, ch in enumerate(line):
+                if x >= width:
+                    continue
+                
+                cell = Cell(x, y)
+                
+                if ch == self.WALL_CHAR:
+                    cell.is_wall = True
+                elif ch == self.START_CHAR:
+                    cell.is_start = True
+                elif ch == self.EXIT_CHAR:
+                    cell.is_exit = True
+                elif ch == self.PASS_CHAR:
+                    pass
+                else:
+                    cell.is_wall = True
+                
+                maze.set_cell(x, y, cell)
+        
+        if maze.start is None:
+            raise ValueError("В лабиринте нет стартовой клетки (S)")
+        if maze.exit is None:
+            raise ValueError("В лабиринте нет выхода (E)")
+        
+        return maze
\ No newline at end of file