[2] 2-nd version of maze(with maze solver) ;)
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# maze.py – версия 1: модель лабиринта и загрузка из текстового файла
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import time
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from collections import deque
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import heapq
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class Cell:
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"""Клетка лабиринта."""
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def __init__(self, x, y, is_wall=False, is_start=False, is_exit=False):
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self.x = x
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self.y = y
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@ -14,7 +15,6 @@ class Cell:
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class Maze:
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"""Модель лабиринта."""
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def __init__(self, width, height):
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self.width = width
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self.height = height
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@ -28,7 +28,6 @@ class Maze:
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return None
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def get_neighbors(self, cell):
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"""Возвращает список проходимых соседей (вверх, вниз, влево, вправо)."""
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neighbors = []
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for dx, dy in [(-1,0), (1,0), (0,-1), (0,1)]:
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nx, ny = cell.x + dx, cell.y + dy
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@ -39,13 +38,11 @@ class Maze:
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class MazeBuilder:
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"""Интерфейс строителя лабиринта."""
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def build_from_file(self, filename):
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raise NotImplementedError
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class TextFileMazeBuilder(MazeBuilder):
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"""Строитель лабиринта из текстового файла."""
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def build_from_file(self, filename):
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with open(filename, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
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lines = f.readlines()
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@ -73,32 +70,136 @@ class TextFileMazeBuilder(MazeBuilder):
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return maze
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# Тестирование загрузки
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class PathFindingStrategy:
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def find_path(self, maze, start, exit):
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raise NotImplementedError
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class BFSStrategy(PathFindingStrategy):
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def find_path(self, maze, start, exit):
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if start == exit:
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return [start]
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queue = deque([start])
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visited = {start}
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parent = {start: None}
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while queue:
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current = queue.popleft()
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if current == exit:
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break
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for neighbor in maze.get_neighbors(current):
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if neighbor not in visited:
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visited.add(neighbor)
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parent[neighbor] = current
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queue.append(neighbor)
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if exit not in parent:
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return []
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path = []
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step = exit
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while step is not None:
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path.append(step)
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step = parent[step]
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path.reverse()
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return path
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class DFSStrategy(PathFindingStrategy):
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def find_path(self, maze, start, exit):
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if start == exit:
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return [start]
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stack = [start]
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visited = {start}
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parent = {start: None}
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while stack:
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current = stack.pop()
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if current == exit:
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break
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for neighbor in maze.get_neighbors(current):
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if neighbor not in visited:
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visited.add(neighbor)
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parent[neighbor] = current
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stack.append(neighbor)
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if exit not in parent:
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return []
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path = []
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step = exit
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while step is not None:
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path.append(step)
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step = parent[step]
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path.reverse()
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return path
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class AStarStrategy(PathFindingStrategy):
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def heuristic(self, a, b):
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return abs(a.x - b.x) + abs(a.y - b.y)
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def find_path(self, maze, start, exit):
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if start == exit:
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return [start]
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open_set = []
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heapq.heappush(open_set, (0, id(start), start))
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came_from = {}
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g_score = {start: 0}
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f_score = {start: self.heuristic(start, exit)}
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while open_set:
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_, _, current = heapq.heappop(open_set)
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if current == exit:
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path = []
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step = current
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while step is not None:
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path.append(step)
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step = came_from.get(step)
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path.reverse()
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return path
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for neighbor in maze.get_neighbors(current):
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tentative_g = g_score[current] + 1
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if neighbor not in g_score or tentative_g < g_score[neighbor]:
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came_from[neighbor] = current
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g_score[neighbor] = tentative_g
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f_score[neighbor] = tentative_g + self.heuristic(neighbor, exit)
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heapq.heappush(open_set, (f_score[neighbor], id(neighbor), neighbor))
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return []
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class MazeSolver:
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def __init__(self, maze, strategy=None):
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self.maze = maze
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self.strategy = strategy
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def set_strategy(self, strategy):
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self.strategy = strategy
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def solve(self):
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if self.strategy is None:
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raise ValueError("Стратегия не установлена")
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start = self.maze.start_cell
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exit_cell = self.maze.exit_cell
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if start is None or exit_cell is None:
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raise ValueError("Лабиринт не содержит старта или выхода")
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start_time = time.perf_counter()
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path = self.strategy.find_path(self.maze, start, exit_cell)
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end_time = time.perf_counter()
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elapsed_ms = (end_time - start_time) * 1000
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return path, elapsed_ms
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# Test search
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if __name__ == '__main__':
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# Создаём тестовый файл
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test_maze = """#######
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#S #
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# ### #
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# E #
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#######"""
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with open('test_maze.txt', 'w') as f:
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f.write(test_maze)
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builder = TextFileMazeBuilder()
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maze = builder.build_from_file('test_maze.txt')
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print(f"Лабиринт {maze.width}x{maze.height} загружен.")
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print(f"Старт: ({maze.start_cell.x},{maze.start_cell.y})")
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print(f"Выход: ({maze.exit_cell.x},{maze.exit_cell.y})")
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# Вывод карты
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for y in range(maze.height):
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row = ''
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for x in range(maze.width):
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cell = maze.get_cell(x, y)
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if cell.is_wall:
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row += '#'
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elif cell.is_start:
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row += 'S'
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elif cell.is_exit:
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row += 'E'
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else:
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row += ' '
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print(row)
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solver = MazeSolver(maze)
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solver.set_strategy(BFSStrategy())
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path, ms = solver.solve()
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print("BFS путь:", [f"({c.x},{c.y})" for c in path])
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print(f"Время: {ms:.3f} мс")
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solver.set_strategy(DFSStrategy())
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path, ms = solver.solve()
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print("DFS путь:", [f"({c.x},{c.y})" for c in path])
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print(f"Время: {ms:.3f} мс")
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solver.set_strategy(AStarStrategy())
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path, ms = solver.solve()
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print("A* путь:", [f"({c.x},{c.y})" for c in path])
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print(f"Время: {ms:.3f} мс")
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