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Структура,Режим,Операция,Время (сек)
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LinkedList,shuffled,insert,0.154480
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LinkedList,shuffled,search,0.001006
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LinkedList,shuffled,delete,0.000890
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LinkedList,shuffled,insert,1.084111
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LinkedList,shuffled,search,0.000904
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LinkedList,shuffled,delete,0.000629
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LinkedList,shuffled,insert,0.131441
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LinkedList,shuffled,search,0.001123
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LinkedList,shuffled,delete,0.000622
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LinkedList,shuffled,insert,0.163422
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LinkedList,shuffled,search,0.000789
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LinkedList,shuffled,delete,0.000530
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LinkedList,shuffled,insert,0.145036
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LinkedList,shuffled,search,0.000570
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LinkedList,shuffled,delete,0.000318
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LinkedList,sorted,insert,24.938719
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LinkedList,sorted,search,0.106848
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LinkedList,sorted,delete,0.096196
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LinkedList,sorted,insert,24.883229
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LinkedList,sorted,search,0.106409
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LinkedList,sorted,delete,0.094658
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LinkedList,sorted,insert,24.408379
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LinkedList,sorted,search,0.115546
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LinkedList,sorted,delete,0.099195
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LinkedList,sorted,insert,24.421941
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LinkedList,sorted,search,0.102282
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LinkedList,sorted,delete,0.092586
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LinkedList,sorted,insert,24.125530
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LinkedList,sorted,search,0.106052
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LinkedList,sorted,delete,0.093177
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HashTable,shuffled,insert,0.024262
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HashTable,shuffled,search,0.000651
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HashTable,shuffled,delete,0.000211
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HashTable,shuffled,insert,0.022815
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HashTable,shuffled,search,0.000259
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HashTable,shuffled,delete,0.000115
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HashTable,shuffled,insert,0.026916
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HashTable,shuffled,search,0.000264
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HashTable,shuffled,delete,0.000115
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HashTable,shuffled,insert,0.022850
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HashTable,shuffled,search,0.000251
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HashTable,shuffled,delete,0.000115
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HashTable,shuffled,insert,0.023054
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HashTable,shuffled,search,0.000261
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HashTable,shuffled,delete,0.000114
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HashTable,sorted,insert,0.021750
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HashTable,sorted,search,0.000246
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HashTable,sorted,delete,0.000110
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HashTable,sorted,insert,0.022438
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HashTable,sorted,search,0.000248
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HashTable,sorted,delete,0.000111
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HashTable,sorted,insert,0.021394
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HashTable,sorted,search,0.000230
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HashTable,sorted,delete,0.000106
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HashTable,sorted,insert,0.022591
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HashTable,sorted,search,0.000285
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HashTable,sorted,delete,0.000125
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HashTable,sorted,insert,0.021119
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HashTable,sorted,search,0.000272
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HashTable,sorted,delete,0.000122
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BST,shuffled,insert,0.054849
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BST,shuffled,search,0.000554
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BST,shuffled,delete,0.000293
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BST,shuffled,insert,0.053888
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BST,shuffled,search,0.000415
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BST,shuffled,delete,0.000260
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BST,shuffled,insert,0.053399
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BST,shuffled,search,0.000407
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BST,shuffled,delete,0.000256
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BST,shuffled,insert,0.056071
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BST,shuffled,search,0.000412
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BST,shuffled,delete,0.000261
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BST,shuffled,insert,0.053024
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BST,shuffled,search,0.000409
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BST,shuffled,delete,0.000285
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BST,sorted,insert,24.942325
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BST,sorted,search,0.108153
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BST,sorted,delete,0.094860
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BST,sorted,insert,25.196583
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BST,sorted,search,0.109160
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BST,sorted,delete,0.096340
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BST,sorted,insert,24.691507
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BST,sorted,search,0.115560
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BST,sorted,delete,0.094962
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BST,sorted,insert,24.461825
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BST,sorted,search,0.103381
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BST,sorted,delete,0.095198
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BST,sorted,insert,24.798636
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BST,sorted,search,0.101888
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BST,sorted,delete,0.093775
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@ -1,44 +0,0 @@
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Анализ по пунктам задания
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Влияние порядка входных данных на вставку в BST
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На отсортированных данных BST превращается в связный список
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(все узлы добавляются только в правое поддерево),
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поэтому каждая операция вставки требует прохода по всем ранее вставленным
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элементам. В результате вместо среднего O(log n) получается O(n) – это хорошо
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видно по резкому росту времени: с 0.02 с до ~2 с. На перемешанных данных
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дерево остаётся относительно сбалансированным, и вставка быстра.
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Хеш-таблица почти не чувствительна к порядку
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Время вставки, поиска и удаления в хеш-таблице определяется в первую
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очередь длиной цепочек, которая зависит только от количества коллизий, а не
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от порядка поступления ключей. Хеш-функция равномерно распределяет ключи по
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бакетам, поэтому shuffled и sorted данные дают практически одинаковые результаты.
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Небольшое влияние порядка могло бы проявиться лишь при очень высоком коэффициенте
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заполнения и специфических паттернах хеширования, но на наших масштабах оно
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пренебрежимо мало.
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Связный список всегда медленен при поиске
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Поиск в связном списке – линейный (O(n)), потому что требуется перебрать все узлы
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от головы до искомого или до конца. В нашем эксперименте поиск 110 имён занимал
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в среднем 0.03 с, что на два порядка медленнее хеш-таблицы и BST в нормальном
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режиме. Порядок данных не влияет на время поиска (линейный обход всегда одинаков),
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что видно из таблицы.
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Удаление в каждой структуре
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В связном списке удаление также O(n) из-за необходимости найти предшествующий узел.
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В хеш-таблице удаление сводится к удалению в цепочке (коротком связном списке)
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и практически не отличается от поиска.
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В BST удаление требует поиска узла (O(log n) в сбалансированном, O(n) в
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вырожденном), плюс операции по перестройке дерева (поиск минимального в правом
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поддереве). В вырожденном случае (sorted) удаление деградирует так же, как и поиск/вставка.
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Вывод: какую структуру выбирать в реальной жизни
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Частые вставки/удаления + быстрый поиск → Хеш-таблица. Она обеспечивает O(1) в среднем для всех основных операций, не требует поддержания порядка, проста в реализации. Идеально для словарей, кэшей, индексов баз данных.
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Необходимость получать данные в отсортированном порядке → Сбалансированное BST (красно-чёрное, AVL-дерево). Несбалансированное BST, как показано в эксперименте, может деградировать до O(n) при неудачном порядке данных, поэтому в реальных системах всегда применяют самобалансирующиеся варианты. Их операции выполняются за O(log n) в худшем случае, а in-order обход сразу даёт отсортированный список без дополнительной сортировки. Используются в базах данных (индексы), файловых системах, ordered map в языках.
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Связный список сам по себе редко применяется для задач с частым поиском; он оправдан в сценариях, где данные обрабатываются строго последовательно (очереди, стеки, LRU-кэши), или когда вставка/удаление происходят только в начале/конце и не требуется произвольный доступ.
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Дополнительно: Если нужна и быстрая вставка/удаление, и произвольный доступ по индексу, и порядок, то рассматривают сбалансированные деревья (например, B-деревья) или комбинированные структуры (LinkedHashMap).
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Таким образом, выбор структуры определяется типичными паттернами использования: частота операций вставки, поиска, удаления и требование к упорядоченности данных.
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stepinim/lab1_structure/docs/data/lab1_graph.png
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stepinim/lab1_structure/docs/data/lab1_graph.png
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stepinim/lab1_structure/docs/data/lab1_results.csv
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stepinim/lab1_structure/docs/data/lab1_results.csv
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Структура,Режим,Повтор,Операция,Время (сек)
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LinkedList,shuffled,1,insert,0.5023735999711789
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LinkedList,shuffled,1,search,0.022223800013307482
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LinkedList,shuffled,1,delete,0.010106799949426204
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LinkedList,shuffled,2,insert,0.5151404999778606
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LinkedList,shuffled,2,search,0.023844500014092773
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LinkedList,shuffled,2,delete,0.010028599994257092
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LinkedList,shuffled,3,insert,0.5328615000471473
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LinkedList,shuffled,3,search,0.020557800016831607
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LinkedList,shuffled,3,delete,0.012162799946963787
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LinkedList,sorted,1,insert,0.4577932999818586
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LinkedList,sorted,1,search,0.017212599981576204
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LinkedList,sorted,1,delete,0.012185800005681813
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LinkedList,sorted,2,insert,0.43183969997335225
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LinkedList,sorted,2,search,0.01829650002764538
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LinkedList,sorted,2,delete,0.012130599992815405
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LinkedList,sorted,3,insert,0.436789300001692
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LinkedList,sorted,3,search,0.017460400005802512
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LinkedList,sorted,3,delete,0.012465099978726357
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HashTable,shuffled,1,insert,0.0032562999986112118
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HashTable,shuffled,1,search,9.469996439293027e-05
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HashTable,shuffled,1,delete,5.15999854542315e-05
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HashTable,shuffled,2,insert,0.0031429000082425773
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HashTable,shuffled,2,search,9.000004502013326e-05
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HashTable,shuffled,2,delete,4.360004095360637e-05
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HashTable,shuffled,3,insert,0.003212600015103817
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HashTable,shuffled,3,search,0.00010830000974237919
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HashTable,shuffled,3,delete,4.650000482797623e-05
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HashTable,sorted,1,insert,0.0030796999926678836
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HashTable,sorted,1,search,8.420000085607171e-05
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HashTable,sorted,1,delete,4.730001091957092e-05
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HashTable,sorted,2,insert,0.0030180999892763793
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HashTable,sorted,2,search,9.079999290406704e-05
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HashTable,sorted,2,delete,5.299999611452222e-05
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HashTable,sorted,3,insert,0.0029779999749734998
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HashTable,sorted,3,search,8.510000770911574e-05
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HashTable,sorted,3,delete,6.589997792616487e-05
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BST,shuffled,1,insert,0.011618499993346632
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BST,shuffled,1,search,0.00031289999606087804
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BST,shuffled,1,delete,0.0002456999500282109
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BST,shuffled,2,insert,0.021565500006545335
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BST,shuffled,2,search,0.00032350001856684685
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BST,shuffled,2,delete,0.0002101999707520008
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BST,shuffled,3,insert,0.011865400010719895
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BST,shuffled,3,search,0.0003497999859973788
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BST,shuffled,3,delete,0.0002114999806508422
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BST,sorted,1,insert,1.961912199971266
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BST,sorted,1,search,0.025325599999632686
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BST,sorted,1,delete,0.03309909999370575
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BST,sorted,2,insert,1.8450072000268847
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BST,sorted,2,search,0.025074300006963313
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BST,sorted,2,delete,0.03284020000137389
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BST,sorted,3,insert,1.8502263000118546
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BST,sorted,3,search,0.028948499995749444
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BST,sorted,3,delete,0.040639499959070235
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stepinim/lab1_structure/docs/otchet_1lab.md
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stepinim/lab1_structure/docs/otchet_1lab.md
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@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
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В ходе экспериментов было показано, что производительность структуры данных сильно зависит
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от её внутреннего устройства и характера входных данных.
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BST работает быстро на случайных данных, но при отсортированном порядке деградирует почти до
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связного списка, из-за чего время вставки и удаления резко увеличивается. Хеш-таблица
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практически не зависит от порядка входных данных, так как доступ к элементам происходит через
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хеш-функцию, поэтому она показала лучшие результаты при поиске и вставке. Связный список
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оказался самым медленным при поиске, так как требует последовательного обхода элементов.
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Удаление также работает по-разному: в связном списке и BST сначала требуется поиск элемента,
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а в хеш-таблице удаление обычно выполняется быстрее за счёт обращения к нужному бакету.
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На практике хеш-таблицы лучше подходят для частого поиска и вставки данных, BST — когда
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важно хранить элементы в отсортированном виде, а связные списки полезны в более простых
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задачах, где структура данных часто изменяется и не требуется быстрый поиск.
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@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
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import sys
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sys.setrecursionlimit(20000)
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sys.setrecursionlimit(30000)
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csv_path = 'C:/Users/xalva/2026-rff_mp/stepinim/docs/data/results.csv'
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csv_path = '/stepinim/docs/data/lab1_results.csv'
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#Связный список
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def ll_insert(head, name, phone):
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inorder(root)
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return result
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#ТЕСТ
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# ============================================================
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# TECT
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# ============================================================
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import os
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import random
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random.seed(42)
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N = 10000
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base_records = [(f"User_{i:05d}", f"123-{i:05d}") for i in range(N)]
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records_shuffled = base_records.copy()
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random.shuffle(records_shuffled)
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records_sorted = sorted(base_records, key=lambda x: x[0])
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# 100 случайных существующих имён из всего набора
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random_sample = random.sample(base_records, 100)
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search_existing = [name for name, _ in random_sample]
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# 10 несуществующих
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search_nonexist = [f"None_{i}" for i in range(10)]
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# 50 случайных для удаления
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delete_sample = random.sample(base_records, 50)
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delete_names = [name for name, _ in delete_sample]
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import time
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import csv
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import statistics
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import pandas as pd
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import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
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# ============================================================
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# ПОДГОТОВКА ПАПОК
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# ============================================================
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DATA_DIR = os.path.join("docs", "data")
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os.makedirs(DATA_DIR, exist_ok=True)
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csv_path = os.path.join(DATA_DIR, "lab1_results.csv")
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graph_path = os.path.join(DATA_DIR, "lab1_graph.png")
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# ============================================================
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# ТЕСТОВЫЕ ДАННЫЕ
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# ============================================================
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random.seed(42)
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N = 3000
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base_records = [
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(f"User_{i:05d}", f"123-{i:05d}")
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for i in range(N)
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]
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records_shuffled = base_records.copy()
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random.shuffle(records_shuffled)
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records_sorted = sorted(base_records, key=lambda x: x[0])
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# Поиск
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search_existing = [
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name for name, _ in random.sample(base_records, 100)
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]
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search_nonexist = [
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f"None_{i}"
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for i in range(10)
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]
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# Удаление
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delete_names = [
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name for name, _ in random.sample(base_records, 50)
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]
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# ============================================================
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# СОЗДАНИЕ СТРУКТУР
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# ============================================================
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def build_structure(records, struct_type):
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if struct_type == "ll":
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structure = None
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for name, phone in records:
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structure = ll_insert(structure, name, phone)
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return structure
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elif struct_type == "ht":
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structure = [None] * HASH_SIZE
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for name, phone in records:
|
||||
ht_insert(structure, name, phone)
|
||||
|
||||
return structure
|
||||
|
||||
elif struct_type == "bst":
|
||||
structure = None
|
||||
|
||||
for name, phone in records:
|
||||
structure = bst_insert(structure, name, phone)
|
||||
|
||||
return structure
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def measure_operations(records, struct_type):
|
||||
results = []
|
||||
for rep in range(5):
|
||||
if struct_type == 'll':
|
||||
head = None
|
||||
elif struct_type == 'ht':
|
||||
head = [None] * HASH_SIZE
|
||||
else:
|
||||
root = None
|
||||
# ============================================================
|
||||
# INSERT
|
||||
# ============================================================
|
||||
|
||||
start = time.perf_counter()
|
||||
if struct_type == 'll':
|
||||
for name, phone in records:
|
||||
head = ll_insert(head, name, phone)
|
||||
elif struct_type == 'ht':
|
||||
for name, phone in records:
|
||||
ht_insert(head, name, phone)
|
||||
else:
|
||||
for name, phone in records:
|
||||
root = bst_insert(root, name, phone)
|
||||
insert_time = time.perf_counter() - start
|
||||
results.append((rep + 1, 'insert', insert_time))
|
||||
def measure_insert(records, struct_type):
|
||||
|
||||
start = time.perf_counter()
|
||||
if struct_type == 'll':
|
||||
for name in search_existing + search_nonexist:
|
||||
ll_find(head, name)
|
||||
elif struct_type == 'ht':
|
||||
for name in search_existing + search_nonexist:
|
||||
ht_find(head, name)
|
||||
else:
|
||||
for name in search_existing + search_nonexist:
|
||||
bst_find(root, name)
|
||||
search_time = time.perf_counter() - start
|
||||
results.append((rep + 1, 'search', search_time))
|
||||
start = time.perf_counter()
|
||||
|
||||
start = time.perf_counter()
|
||||
if struct_type == 'll':
|
||||
for name in delete_names:
|
||||
head = ll_delete(head, name)
|
||||
elif struct_type == 'ht':
|
||||
for name in delete_names:
|
||||
ht_delete(head, name)
|
||||
else:
|
||||
for name in delete_names:
|
||||
root = bst_delete(root, name)
|
||||
delete_time = time.perf_counter() - start
|
||||
results.append((rep + 1, 'delete', delete_time))
|
||||
return results
|
||||
build_structure(records, struct_type)
|
||||
|
||||
end = time.perf_counter()
|
||||
|
||||
return end - start
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# ============================================================
|
||||
# SEARCH
|
||||
# ============================================================
|
||||
|
||||
def measure_search(records, struct_type):
|
||||
|
||||
structure = build_structure(records, struct_type)
|
||||
|
||||
start = time.perf_counter()
|
||||
|
||||
if struct_type == "ll":
|
||||
for name in search_existing + search_nonexist:
|
||||
ll_find(structure, name)
|
||||
|
||||
elif struct_type == "ht":
|
||||
for name in search_existing + search_nonexist:
|
||||
ht_find(structure, name)
|
||||
|
||||
elif struct_type == "bst":
|
||||
for name in search_existing + search_nonexist:
|
||||
bst_find(structure, name)
|
||||
|
||||
end = time.perf_counter()
|
||||
|
||||
return end - start
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# ============================================================
|
||||
# DELETE
|
||||
# ============================================================
|
||||
|
||||
def measure_delete(records, struct_type):
|
||||
|
||||
structure = build_structure(records, struct_type)
|
||||
|
||||
start = time.perf_counter()
|
||||
|
||||
if struct_type == "ll":
|
||||
for name in delete_names:
|
||||
structure = ll_delete(structure, name)
|
||||
|
||||
elif struct_type == "ht":
|
||||
for name in delete_names:
|
||||
ht_delete(structure, name)
|
||||
|
||||
elif struct_type == "bst":
|
||||
for name in delete_names:
|
||||
structure = bst_delete(structure, name)
|
||||
|
||||
end = time.perf_counter()
|
||||
|
||||
return end - start
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# ============================================================
|
||||
# ЗАМЕРЫ
|
||||
# ============================================================
|
||||
|
||||
all_data = []
|
||||
|
||||
for struct_name, mode_label, records in [
|
||||
("LinkedList", "shuffled", records_shuffled),
|
||||
("LinkedList", "sorted", records_sorted),
|
||||
("HashTable", "shuffled", records_shuffled),
|
||||
("HashTable", "sorted", records_sorted),
|
||||
("BST", "shuffled", records_shuffled),
|
||||
("BST", "sorted", records_sorted),
|
||||
]:
|
||||
for rep, op, t in measure_operations(records, struct_name.split('d')[0].lower()[:2] if 'Linked' in struct_name else ('ht' if 'Hash' in struct_name else 'bst')):
|
||||
all_data.append([struct_name, mode_label, op, f"{t:.6f}"])
|
||||
experiments = [
|
||||
("LinkedList", "ll"),
|
||||
("HashTable", "ht"),
|
||||
("BST", "bst")
|
||||
]
|
||||
|
||||
modes = [
|
||||
("shuffled", records_shuffled),
|
||||
("sorted", records_sorted)
|
||||
]
|
||||
|
||||
for struct_name, struct_type in experiments:
|
||||
|
||||
for mode_name, records in modes:
|
||||
|
||||
for rep in range(1, 4):
|
||||
|
||||
insert_time = measure_insert(records, struct_type)
|
||||
|
||||
search_time = measure_search(records, struct_type)
|
||||
|
||||
delete_time = measure_delete(records, struct_type)
|
||||
|
||||
all_data.append([
|
||||
struct_name,
|
||||
mode_name,
|
||||
rep,
|
||||
"insert",
|
||||
insert_time
|
||||
])
|
||||
|
||||
all_data.append([
|
||||
struct_name,
|
||||
mode_name,
|
||||
rep,
|
||||
"search",
|
||||
search_time
|
||||
])
|
||||
|
||||
all_data.append([
|
||||
struct_name,
|
||||
mode_name,
|
||||
rep,
|
||||
"delete",
|
||||
delete_time
|
||||
])
|
||||
|
||||
# ============================================================
|
||||
# CSV
|
||||
# ============================================================
|
||||
|
||||
with open(csv_path, "w", newline="", encoding="utf-8") as f:
|
||||
|
||||
with open(csv_path, 'w', newline='', encoding='utf-8') as f:
|
||||
writer = csv.writer(f)
|
||||
writer.writerow(["Структура", "Режим", "Операция", "Время (сек)"])
|
||||
|
||||
writer.writerow([
|
||||
"Структура",
|
||||
"Режим",
|
||||
"Повтор",
|
||||
"Операция",
|
||||
"Время (сек)"
|
||||
])
|
||||
|
||||
writer.writerows(all_data)
|
||||
|
||||
print("CSV сохранён в docs/data/results.csv")
|
||||
print(f"CSV сохранён: {csv_path}")
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
|
||||
import pandas as pd
|
||||
# ============================================================
|
||||
# ГРАФИК
|
||||
# ============================================================
|
||||
|
||||
df = pd.read_csv(csv_path)
|
||||
|
||||
df_avg = df.groupby(['Структура', 'Режим', 'Операция'])['Время (сек)'].mean().reset_index()
|
||||
df_avg = (
|
||||
df.groupby(
|
||||
["Структура", "Режим", "Операция"]
|
||||
)["Время (сек)"]
|
||||
.mean()
|
||||
.reset_index()
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(12, 6))
|
||||
|
||||
ops = ["insert", "search", "delete"]
|
||||
|
||||
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(10,6))
|
||||
ops = ['insert', 'search', 'delete']
|
||||
x = range(len(ops))
|
||||
|
||||
width = 0.12
|
||||
|
||||
for i, (struct, mode) in enumerate([('LinkedList','shuffled'),('LinkedList','sorted'),
|
||||
('HashTable','shuffled'),('HashTable','sorted'),
|
||||
('BST','shuffled'),('BST','sorted')]):
|
||||
subset = df_avg[(df_avg['Структура']==struct) & (df_avg['Режим']==mode)]
|
||||
times = [subset[subset['Операция']==op]['Время (сек)'].values[0] for op in ops]
|
||||
ax.bar([p + i*width for p in x], times, width, label=f"{struct} ({mode})")
|
||||
configs = [
|
||||
("LinkedList", "shuffled"),
|
||||
("LinkedList", "sorted"),
|
||||
("HashTable", "shuffled"),
|
||||
("HashTable", "sorted"),
|
||||
("BST", "shuffled"),
|
||||
("BST", "sorted")
|
||||
]
|
||||
|
||||
for i, (struct, mode) in enumerate(configs):
|
||||
|
||||
subset = df_avg[
|
||||
(df_avg["Структура"] == struct)
|
||||
&
|
||||
(df_avg["Режим"] == mode)
|
||||
]
|
||||
|
||||
times = [
|
||||
subset[
|
||||
subset["Операция"] == op
|
||||
]["Время (сек)"].values[0]
|
||||
for op in ops
|
||||
]
|
||||
|
||||
ax.bar(
|
||||
[p + i * width for p in x],
|
||||
times,
|
||||
width,
|
||||
label=f"{struct} ({mode})"
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
ax.set_xticks([p + 2.5 * width for p in x])
|
||||
|
||||
ax.set_xticks([p + 2.5*width for p in x])
|
||||
ax.set_xticklabels(ops)
|
||||
ax.set_ylabel('Среднее время (сек)')
|
||||
ax.legend(bbox_to_anchor=(1.05, 1), loc='upper left')
|
||||
|
||||
ax.set_ylabel("Среднее время (сек)")
|
||||
|
||||
ax.set_title("Сравнение структур данных")
|
||||
|
||||
ax.legend(
|
||||
bbox_to_anchor=(1.05, 1),
|
||||
loc="upper left"
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
plt.tight_layout()
|
||||
plt.savefig('C:/Users/xalva/2026-rff_mp/stepinim/docs/data/grafik.png')
|
||||
|
||||
plt.savefig(graph_path)
|
||||
|
||||
print(f"График сохранён: {graph_path}")
|
||||
|
||||
plt.show()
|
||||
BIN
stepinim/lab2_oop/docs/data/chart_time_2lab.png
Normal file
BIN
stepinim/lab2_oop/docs/data/chart_time_2lab.png
Normal file
Binary file not shown.
|
After Width: | Height: | Size: 32 KiB |
20
stepinim/lab2_oop/docs/data/empty_2lab.txt
Normal file
20
stepinim/lab2_oop/docs/data/empty_2lab.txt
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
|
|||
S
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
E
|
||||
100
stepinim/lab2_oop/docs/data/large_2lab.txt
Normal file
100
stepinim/lab2_oop/docs/data/large_2lab.txt
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
|
|||
####################################################################################################
|
||||
#S # # ### ## ## # # ### # # ## # # ### ## #### # ## ## # #####
|
||||
# # # # ## ## # # # # # # # # # ##### # ## # # ## # ## # #
|
||||
## # ## ### ## #### ## # # # ## #### # ## #### ## ### # # # ## # # ## #
|
||||
### # ## ## ### # # #### # # # # ## ## ###### ## ## # # ### # ###
|
||||
## # # # ### # # ## ### ### # # ## # # # ## # # ####### # #
|
||||
###### ### ## # # # # # # ### ### ## ### ### ##### # # ## # # ## ## ####
|
||||
#### # ## # # ## # ## ## ## # ## # # ## ## # # # # ## ###
|
||||
# # # # # ###### # # ## #### # # # ## # # ### ##### ## # #
|
||||
# ### # # # # ## ### # # ## #### # # # ###### # # ###### # ## #
|
||||
## ## ## ### # # ### # # ## # ## ### ### ## ## # ### # # #
|
||||
## # ## # # ## # ### # ## # ### ## # ### ### ### # ## ## # ### # # #
|
||||
# # # # # ### # ## # # # ## # # # # # # # # # # ### ## # # ## # # #
|
||||
## # # # #### ## # # # # # # ### # # ##### # # # # # # # # #
|
||||
# ## ## # ## # # #### # # ## #### # ## # # # # # # # # #
|
||||
# # ### # # # ## # # # # ## ## # # # # ## # # # # ## ## #### # ## # # #
|
||||
# # ### # # ## # ## #### #### ## # #### # ### ## # # # # ## ## #
|
||||
##### # # # # # ## # ## # ### # # # # # # # # # # ### ## # ## ## #### # # #
|
||||
# # # #### ## ## ## # # # # # # # # # ## # # ## # ### # # ## # # # ##
|
||||
### # ### ####### ### # # # # # ## ## # ## # ## # ## ###
|
||||
# # ### ######## ### ## # # # # # # ## ## # ## ### # # # ### ### ###
|
||||
# # ## ## # # ### ### ## # # ## # # # # # ## ## ### # # #### #### ###
|
||||
# ### ## ### #### # ## # # ## # ## # ## ### # # # # ### # ## ###
|
||||
#### ## # ### # # ## ### ## # # # # # # # ## # ## ## # # # # ## ## #
|
||||
### ## # # #### ## ## ##### ## # # # ## # ## # # # # # # # # ## # ## # #
|
||||
# # # # # # # ## ## # ### # ## ## # ## # # # ## # # ## ## # # # # ## #
|
||||
# # ###### # # # # # # # # ## ## # # # ## # # # # # # ## # # ## # # ##
|
||||
# # # # # ## # # # # # # # # ## # ## # #### # ### #### ## # # ## ##
|
||||
## # # ## # ### # #### ## # ### ## # # # # ### # ## # # # # #
|
||||
# # ### # ### # ## # ## ## # # # ### ##### ## ### # ## ### # # # ## ###### #
|
||||
## # # # ## # # #### # # ## # ## # # # # # # # # # # # # #
|
||||
## # # # ## #### # ### ### ## # ## ##### # # # # # # # # # # ##### # # ##
|
||||
# ## ## # # # # ### ## # # ### ### ## # # # # ## # # ## ### # # # ###
|
||||
# ## ## ## ### # # #### # ## ## ## ### ### # # ## ##
|
||||
## # # ##### #### # # ## ## ### # # # # # # # # # # ### # #### #
|
||||
# # # # # # #### # # ## # # # ## # # # # # # # ### # # ##
|
||||
## ### ## ### # ## ## ### # ## # # # # # # # # # # #### ## ##
|
||||
## # ### ## ## # # ### # # #### # # # ### # # # # # # #### # #
|
||||
# # # ## ### # # # # # # ## ## # # ## ## # ## # # # # ### ## # #
|
||||
# ### # ### ## # # # # # # ## # ###### # ## ## ## # ## ## ## # ## # #
|
||||
# # # # # ## # # # # # # ## # # # ###### # # ### # #
|
||||
# # ## # # ## # # ## ### # ## ## ## # # # # # # # # # ## # # #
|
||||
## #### ## ### #### # # ### # # # # # ## # ## # # ##### ## ## # # ## #
|
||||
## # # # ## # ## # # ## # #### # # ### # #### # ## # ##### # # # #
|
||||
# # # # # ## #### # # ## # # # # ## # ## ## # # # ## # # ## ## ### # #
|
||||
# # # ## # ## # # ## ## # ## # # ## # ## # # # ##### #
|
||||
## #### ## ##### # ### # ### # # ## # ## # # # # # # # ## # ### # ## #
|
||||
# # # # # ## # ## # ## ## # # ### # ####### # # ## # ### ## ## ## ## ## #
|
||||
### ## # ## ## # ## # ### ### # ### # # # ###### ### ### # # # ## ### # #
|
||||
## # ## ## # ## ### # # # # ## # ### # ### ## # ## # # # # #
|
||||
# # ## ## ## # # # # ## # # ## # ## # # # ## # # # # # # # # ## # # #
|
||||
# # # ## # ## ## ## #### ## ## ## ### ##### ###### ## ### # # #
|
||||
# # ## # # # # ## # # # # # ## # #### ## # ## # ### # ## #
|
||||
# # ## # # # ### # # # # ## ### ## # ## # # # # # ## # # # ### ## # #
|
||||
# ## # # # ## # # # # # ## # # # # ## # # # # ###### ## ### # #
|
||||
# ## ## # ### # # ## ####### ## # ####### # # # # ## # ### # ## # # #
|
||||
## ### ## ### # ## # # ## ### # ### ### # # # ## # # ## # ### # #
|
||||
# # # ### ## # # ## # ## ## # ### # # # ### ###### # # # #
|
||||
## # ### ## # ### ## ## # ## # ## ## ### ## ### ### ## ## # ## #
|
||||
# # #### ## # # ## ## # #### # ### # ## ## # # # # # ## # #
|
||||
# # # # #### # # # ### ## # ## ## ## # # ## # ##### # # # # # ## # #### # # #
|
||||
# # ### # # ## #### # # # # ## ## # ## ## ### # ## ## ## # ## #
|
||||
## # ## # # # # # ## ## # ## ## ## # ## # #### ## # ## #
|
||||
# # # ## # ## # # # # ### # # ## ## # # # # # ### # ### ## # # ## #
|
||||
# # # ### # # ## ## # # ## # ### # # ### # ## # ### # ## ## ## # #
|
||||
### # ## # # #### ### ## # ## # ## # ## #### # # ###### # # #### # ## #
|
||||
# # # # # # ### # # # # ## #### ### # # # # # ## # # # #### # #### # #
|
||||
## ## # ## # # # # # ## # ### #### # ## ### # ##### ### ## ### # # #
|
||||
# # # ####### ## ### # ####### # # # ####### # # # ### # # ## # # # #
|
||||
## # # ## ## ## # ### ## ## ### ## ## # # ## # ## ## # # # # #
|
||||
### # # #### ### # # ## # ## # # # #### # # # # # # # # ## # ## #
|
||||
# ##### # ## ### ## #### # # # ## #### # # # # ## # # ## # #
|
||||
# # # # # ### # ## #### # # # ### # # # # ## # # # # # # #
|
||||
# # ## ## #### # # ### ## ## ### ### ## ## # # # # # ## # ## ### #
|
||||
## # # ## # # ## # ## # ### # ### # # # ## # ### #### # ## #
|
||||
# ## # # # # ## ## # # # # ## # ### ## ###### ### # ## ### # # # # # #
|
||||
### # # # # #### # # # # ### ##### # ## # ## # # ## # # # ## #
|
||||
# # # # ##### # # #### # # # ## # ## # # ## ### # # ## # #### #
|
||||
### ## # # # ## # # ## # # ## # # # ### ## ## # ### # # ## # # # # #
|
||||
#### # # # # ## # # # ## ### # # # ### # ## # # ## # # # ## # #
|
||||
# # # ## # ## # # ## ### # ## ## # ## # ## ## # # # ## # # ### ## ## ## #
|
||||
# # # ## # # # ## # ## ## # ## # ## ## #### #### # ## # # #
|
||||
## # # #### ### ## # #### ### ### # ## # # ## ## # ## # ### #
|
||||
# ## ##### # # ## ### ### # # # # ### #### ## ## ## ## ### ## # #
|
||||
# # ## # ## ## # # ### # # # # ## # ### ## ## ## ## ## # # # #
|
||||
# #### # # #### # ## ### ###### # # # ## # # # # # # # # # #### ## # # # #
|
||||
# #### # ### ##### # ## ## # # ## ## # ## ## # ## ### # # # # # # #
|
||||
# # ## # # # ## # # ## ## # # # # ## # # # ## ### # ## # #
|
||||
### # ## # # # ## # # # #### ##### # # ## # ## # # # # ### # #
|
||||
# # # # ### # ## # # # # ## # # # ### # ## # # # # # # # # # # # #
|
||||
## # # # # ## ## # #### ## # # ## # # # # # ### # # # #### # # ## ## # # #
|
||||
## # # ## # #### # # # # ## # ### ## ## #### # ## ## # ## ## #### ## ### #### #
|
||||
# ### ### ### # ### ### ## # # # ###### # # ### ## # # # # # # # #
|
||||
## ### ## # ## # ## # ## ### # # # #### ### ### # #
|
||||
# # ## # # # ## ## # # # # ### ### # ### ### # # # # ### ## # #
|
||||
## # ## # # # # ###### ## ### # ### # # # ## # ## ## # ### # # # ## # ## #
|
||||
# ## # ## # # # ## ## # ## ## ## # ## # ## # # # # ## # # # #
|
||||
# ### # ## ## # #### # ##### # ## ## ## ### # # # # ### #
|
||||
## # ## # # # # ##### # ## # # # ## # ### # # # ## # ## # # # ## E#
|
||||
####################################################################################################
|
||||
50
stepinim/lab2_oop/docs/data/medium_2lab.txt
Normal file
50
stepinim/lab2_oop/docs/data/medium_2lab.txt
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
|
|||
##################################################
|
||||
#S ## ### # # # #### # ## #
|
||||
# # ## # # # # ##### ### # ### # #
|
||||
# ## #### # ### ### ## # # #### ### # # #
|
||||
#### # # # # # ## # ####
|
||||
# ## # #### ## # # ## # # # #
|
||||
# ### # # # # ### # ##
|
||||
# # # # ## # # ## # ## # # #
|
||||
## # # # #### # # # # # ### ##
|
||||
## # # ## ## ### # # ## #
|
||||
## # # # # # # # # # # # # #
|
||||
# # ## # ## ## ## ## ## # ###
|
||||
# ### # # # ## ## # # # # ## # ##
|
||||
## # # # # ## # # # # #
|
||||
# # # # # ### # ### # # ##
|
||||
# # # # # # # ##### # ### ##
|
||||
# # # # ## ## # # # # ### #### #
|
||||
## # # # ## # # ## # ### ## ### # #
|
||||
## # ## # # # # #
|
||||
# ##### ## ## # # # ## # ## # # #
|
||||
# # # # ### ##### ### # # ## #
|
||||
## # # # ## # # ## # # # # ## #
|
||||
#### # # ## # # # ## ## # ## ## #
|
||||
# # ### ### ## # ## #### # #
|
||||
# # ### # ## ##### # # # # ## # #
|
||||
## #### # # # # # #
|
||||
# ## # # # # ## ## # # ## # #
|
||||
# # ## # ### # ### ## # ## #
|
||||
# # # # # ## ## ## # #
|
||||
# # ## ### ## ## # # # # # ## # #
|
||||
## # # #### # #### # ## ## # ## #
|
||||
# # # ## # # # # # # # # #
|
||||
# ### ### # # # # # # # #
|
||||
# ## # # # ####### # # # # # # ### #
|
||||
## # # # # # # # # # ## # ## #
|
||||
# # # # ## ## # # ## ### # # # # # # #
|
||||
# ## # ### # # # # # # # #
|
||||
# # # # # # # ## # ### # #
|
||||
# # ### # # # ### # ## # # #
|
||||
# ### # # # # ## # # ## # #
|
||||
# ## # ### # ## ## ### # # # #
|
||||
# ## # # ## ## # # # ## # #
|
||||
# # ## # # # # # # # # ## #
|
||||
## # # # # # # # # # # # #
|
||||
# # # # ### ## ### # ## # # # #
|
||||
## ##### # # # ## # ## ### # #
|
||||
# ## # ## ##### # # # ## #
|
||||
# # # # # # ### # # # # # #
|
||||
### # # # # # # ## ## ### ## #E#
|
||||
##################################################
|
||||
15
stepinim/lab2_oop/docs/data/no_exit_2lab.txt
Normal file
15
stepinim/lab2_oop/docs/data/no_exit_2lab.txt
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
|
|||
###############
|
||||
#S # #
|
||||
# #
|
||||
## # #
|
||||
# # # #
|
||||
## ## # # # #
|
||||
# # # #
|
||||
# # #
|
||||
# # # ## #
|
||||
## # # #
|
||||
## #
|
||||
## # # # #
|
||||
# # # ##
|
||||
# # #E#
|
||||
###############
|
||||
21
stepinim/lab2_oop/docs/data/results_2lab.csv
Normal file
21
stepinim/lab2_oop/docs/data/results_2lab.csv
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
|
|||
maze,strategy,time_ms,visited,path_length
|
||||
small,BFS,0.1971,28,15
|
||||
small,DFS,0.062,16,15
|
||||
small,A*,0.1713,28,15
|
||||
small,Dijkstra,0.148,28,15
|
||||
medium,BFS,5.3354,1377,95
|
||||
medium,DFS,0.7772,282,151
|
||||
medium,A*,3.8703,500,95
|
||||
medium,Dijkstra,8.3548,1363,95
|
||||
large,BFS,16.9817,4391,195
|
||||
large,DFS,3.414,614,285
|
||||
large,A*,5.7519,559,195
|
||||
large,Dijkstra,31.018,4380,195
|
||||
empty,BFS,2.3012,400,39
|
||||
empty,DFS,1.4237,400,191
|
||||
empty,A*,3.6105,400,39
|
||||
empty,Dijkstra,2.9606,400,39
|
||||
no_exit,BFS,0.5791,136,0
|
||||
no_exit,DFS,0.5479,136,0
|
||||
no_exit,A*,0.9933,136,0
|
||||
no_exit,Dijkstra,0.8121,136,0
|
||||
|
10
stepinim/lab2_oop/docs/data/small_2lab.txt
Normal file
10
stepinim/lab2_oop/docs/data/small_2lab.txt
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
|
|||
##########
|
||||
#S #
|
||||
# ###### #
|
||||
# # # #
|
||||
# # ## # #
|
||||
# # ## # #
|
||||
# # # #
|
||||
# ###### #
|
||||
# E#
|
||||
##########
|
||||
122
stepinim/lab2_oop/docs/otchet_2lab.md
Normal file
122
stepinim/lab2_oop/docs/otchet_2lab.md
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
|
|||
ОПИСАНИЕ ЗАДАЧИ И ВЫБРАННЫХ ПАТТЕРНОВ
|
||||
|
||||
Цель работы — разработать систему поиска пути в лабиринте с использованием
|
||||
оопп и паттернов проектирования.
|
||||
|
||||
В работе были использованы следующие паттерны:
|
||||
|
||||
Strategy — для реализации алгоритмов поиска пути (BFS, DFS, A*, Dijkstra).
|
||||
Позволяет менять алгоритм без изменения кода основного класса MazeSolver.
|
||||
|
||||
Builder — для создания лабиринта из текстового файла.
|
||||
Отделяет логику загрузки данных от основной системы.
|
||||
'''mermaid
|
||||
|
||||
classDiagram
|
||||
class Cell {
|
||||
+x
|
||||
+y
|
||||
+is_wall
|
||||
+is_start
|
||||
+is_exit
|
||||
+weight
|
||||
+isPassable()
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
class Maze {
|
||||
+width
|
||||
+height
|
||||
+start
|
||||
+exit
|
||||
+getCell()
|
||||
+getNeighbors()
|
||||
+getWeightedNeighbors()
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
class MazeBuilder {
|
||||
+buildFromFile()
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
class TextFileMazeBuilder
|
||||
MazeBuilder <|-- TextFileMazeBuilder
|
||||
|
||||
class PathFindingStrategy {
|
||||
+findPath()
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
class BFSStrategy
|
||||
class DFSStrategy
|
||||
class AStarStrategy
|
||||
class DijkstraStrategy
|
||||
|
||||
PathFindingStrategy <|-- BFSStrategy
|
||||
PathFindingStrategy <|-- DFSStrategy
|
||||
PathFindingStrategy <|-- AStarStrategy
|
||||
PathFindingStrategy <|-- DijkstraStrategy
|
||||
|
||||
class MazeSolver {
|
||||
+setStrategy()
|
||||
+solve()
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
MazeSolver --> PathFindingStrategy
|
||||
Maze --> Cell
|
||||
'''
|
||||
ЛИСТИНГИ КЛЮЧЕВЫХ КЛАССОВ
|
||||
|
||||
В проекте реализованы основные классы:
|
||||
Cell — хранение информации о клетке лабиринта
|
||||
Maze — структура лабиринта и работа с соседями
|
||||
MazeSolver — запуск поиска пути
|
||||
PathFindingStrategy — интерфейс алгоритмов
|
||||
BFSStrategy, DFSStrategy, AStarStrategy, DijkstraStrategy — реализации алгоритмов
|
||||
TextFileMazeBuilder — загрузка лабиринта из файла
|
||||
SearchStats — хранение статистики
|
||||
|
||||
РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТОВ
|
||||
|
||||
Алгоритмы тестировались на разных лабиринтах: small, medium, large, empty, no_exit.
|
||||
|
||||
Сравнивались:
|
||||
|
||||
время выполнения
|
||||
количество посещённых клеток
|
||||
длина найденного пути
|
||||
|
||||
Результаты в общем виде:
|
||||
|
||||
BFS — гарантирует кратчайший путь, но посещает много клеток
|
||||
DFS — быстрый, но не гарантирует оптимальный путь
|
||||
A* — самый быстрый в большинстве случаев за счёт эвристики
|
||||
Dijkstra — стабильный, но медленнее A* на больших лабиринтах
|
||||
|
||||
АНАЛИЗ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ И ПАТТЕРНОВ
|
||||
|
||||
Результаты показали, что A* является наиболее эффективным алгоритмом на больших данных,
|
||||
так как использует эвристику и уменьшает количество проверяемых клеток.
|
||||
|
||||
BFS всегда находит оптимальный путь, но работает медленнее из-за полного обхода пространства.
|
||||
|
||||
DFS быстрее по времени, но не гарантирует лучший результат.
|
||||
|
||||
Dijkstra корректно работает с весами, но в данной задаче часто уступает A*.
|
||||
|
||||
Паттерн Strategy позволил легко переключать алгоритмы без изменения основной логики программы.
|
||||
Паттерн Builder упростил создание лабиринтов и отделил загрузку данных от логики поиска.
|
||||
|
||||
ВЫВОДЫ
|
||||
|
||||
В ходе работы была создана гибкая система поиска пути в лабиринте с использованием ООП
|
||||
и паттернов проектирования. Благодаря Strategy алгоритмы стали независимыми и легко
|
||||
заменяемыми. Благодаря Builder упростилась работа с созданием и загрузкой лабиринтов.
|
||||
В целом, архитектура получилась расширяемой: можно легко добавить новый алгоритм или тип
|
||||
лабиринта без переписывания существующего кода.
|
||||
Таким образом, наиболее сбалансированным алгоритмом для поиска пути в лабиринте является A*,
|
||||
так как он обеспечивает:
|
||||
|
||||
высокую скорость работы,
|
||||
оптимальность результата,
|
||||
минимальное количество исследуемых состояний.
|
||||
|
||||
Алгоритмы BFS и Dijkstra гарантируют оптимальность, но проигрывают по производительности,
|
||||
а DFS является самым быстрым, но не гарантирует качество решения.
|
||||
789
stepinim/lab2_oop/poisk.py
Normal file
789
stepinim/lab2_oop/poisk.py
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,789 @@
|
|||
import time
|
||||
from collections import deque
|
||||
import heapq
|
||||
import csv
|
||||
import os
|
||||
import random
|
||||
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# ============================================================
|
||||
# ЭТАП 1. МОДЕЛЬ ЛАБИРИНТА
|
||||
# ============================================================
|
||||
|
||||
class Cell:
|
||||
def __init__(self, x, y, is_wall=False, is_start=False, is_exit=False):
|
||||
self.x = x
|
||||
self.y = y
|
||||
self.is_wall = is_wall
|
||||
self.is_start = is_start
|
||||
self.is_exit = is_exit
|
||||
self.weight = 1
|
||||
|
||||
def isPassable(self):
|
||||
return not self.is_wall
|
||||
|
||||
def __repr__(self):
|
||||
return f"Cell({self.x},{self.y})"
|
||||
|
||||
def __hash__(self):
|
||||
return hash((self.x, self.y))
|
||||
|
||||
def __eq__(self, other):
|
||||
return isinstance(other, Cell) and self.x == other.x and self.y == other.y
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
class Maze:
|
||||
def __init__(self, width, height):
|
||||
self.width = width
|
||||
self.height = height
|
||||
self.cells = []
|
||||
self.start = None
|
||||
self.exit = None
|
||||
|
||||
def getCell(self, x, y):
|
||||
if 0 <= x < self.width and 0 <= y < self.height:
|
||||
return self.cells[y][x]
|
||||
return None
|
||||
|
||||
def getNeighbors(self, cell):
|
||||
neighbors = []
|
||||
|
||||
for dx, dy in [(0, -1), (0, 1), (-1, 0), (1, 0)]:
|
||||
nx = cell.x + dx
|
||||
ny = cell.y + dy
|
||||
|
||||
neighbor = self.getCell(nx, ny)
|
||||
|
||||
if neighbor and neighbor.isPassable():
|
||||
neighbors.append(neighbor)
|
||||
|
||||
return neighbors
|
||||
|
||||
def getWeightedNeighbors(self, cell):
|
||||
return [(n, n.weight) for n in self.getNeighbors(cell)]
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# ============================================================
|
||||
# ЭТАП 2. BUILDER
|
||||
# ============================================================
|
||||
|
||||
class MazeBuilder:
|
||||
def buildFromFile(self, filename):
|
||||
raise NotImplementedError
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
class TextFileMazeBuilder(MazeBuilder):
|
||||
|
||||
def buildFromFile(self, filename):
|
||||
|
||||
with open(filename, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
|
||||
lines = [line.rstrip('\n') for line in f]
|
||||
|
||||
height = len(lines)
|
||||
width = max(len(line) for line in lines)
|
||||
|
||||
maze = Maze(width, height)
|
||||
|
||||
for y, line in enumerate(lines):
|
||||
|
||||
row = []
|
||||
|
||||
for x, char in enumerate(line):
|
||||
|
||||
if char == '#':
|
||||
cell = Cell(x, y, is_wall=True)
|
||||
|
||||
elif char == 'S':
|
||||
cell = Cell(x, y, is_start=True)
|
||||
maze.start = cell
|
||||
|
||||
elif char == 'E':
|
||||
cell = Cell(x, y, is_exit=True)
|
||||
maze.exit = cell
|
||||
|
||||
else:
|
||||
cell = Cell(x, y)
|
||||
|
||||
row.append(cell)
|
||||
|
||||
while len(row) < width:
|
||||
row.append(Cell(len(row), y, is_wall=True))
|
||||
|
||||
maze.cells.append(row)
|
||||
|
||||
if maze.start is None or maze.exit is None:
|
||||
raise ValueError("В лабиринте нет S или E")
|
||||
|
||||
return maze
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# ============================================================
|
||||
# ВОССТАНОВЛЕНИЕ ПУТИ
|
||||
# ============================================================
|
||||
|
||||
def reconstruct_path(parents, end_cell):
|
||||
|
||||
path = []
|
||||
|
||||
current = end_cell
|
||||
|
||||
while current is not None:
|
||||
path.append(current)
|
||||
current = parents[current]
|
||||
|
||||
path.reverse()
|
||||
|
||||
return path
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# ============================================================
|
||||
# ЭТАП 3. STRATEGY
|
||||
# ============================================================
|
||||
|
||||
class PathFindingStrategy:
|
||||
|
||||
@property
|
||||
def name(self):
|
||||
return "Unknown"
|
||||
|
||||
def findPath(self, maze, start, exit):
|
||||
raise NotImplementedError
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# ============================================================
|
||||
# BFS
|
||||
# ============================================================
|
||||
|
||||
class BFSStrategy(PathFindingStrategy):
|
||||
|
||||
@property
|
||||
def name(self):
|
||||
return "BFS"
|
||||
|
||||
def findPath(self, maze, start, exit):
|
||||
|
||||
queue = deque([start])
|
||||
|
||||
visited = {start}
|
||||
|
||||
parents = {
|
||||
start: None
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
visited_count = 1
|
||||
|
||||
while queue:
|
||||
|
||||
current = queue.popleft()
|
||||
|
||||
if current == exit:
|
||||
path = reconstruct_path(parents, exit)
|
||||
return path, visited_count
|
||||
|
||||
for neighbor in maze.getNeighbors(current):
|
||||
|
||||
if neighbor not in visited:
|
||||
|
||||
visited.add(neighbor)
|
||||
|
||||
parents[neighbor] = current
|
||||
|
||||
visited_count += 1
|
||||
|
||||
queue.append(neighbor)
|
||||
|
||||
return [], visited_count
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# ============================================================
|
||||
# DFS
|
||||
# ============================================================
|
||||
|
||||
class DFSStrategy(PathFindingStrategy):
|
||||
|
||||
@property
|
||||
def name(self):
|
||||
return "DFS"
|
||||
|
||||
def findPath(self, maze, start, exit):
|
||||
|
||||
stack = [start]
|
||||
|
||||
visited = {start}
|
||||
|
||||
parents = {
|
||||
start: None
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
visited_count = 1
|
||||
|
||||
while stack:
|
||||
|
||||
current = stack.pop()
|
||||
|
||||
if current == exit:
|
||||
path = reconstruct_path(parents, exit)
|
||||
return path, visited_count
|
||||
|
||||
for neighbor in maze.getNeighbors(current):
|
||||
|
||||
if neighbor not in visited:
|
||||
|
||||
visited.add(neighbor)
|
||||
|
||||
parents[neighbor] = current
|
||||
|
||||
visited_count += 1
|
||||
|
||||
stack.append(neighbor)
|
||||
|
||||
return [], visited_count
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# ============================================================
|
||||
# A*
|
||||
# ============================================================
|
||||
|
||||
class AStarStrategy(PathFindingStrategy):
|
||||
|
||||
@property
|
||||
def name(self):
|
||||
return "A*"
|
||||
|
||||
def heuristic(self, a, b):
|
||||
return abs(a.x - b.x) + abs(a.y - b.y)
|
||||
|
||||
def findPath(self, maze, start, exit):
|
||||
|
||||
counter = 0
|
||||
|
||||
open_set = []
|
||||
|
||||
heapq.heappush(open_set, (0, counter, start))
|
||||
|
||||
parents = {
|
||||
start: None
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
g_score = {
|
||||
start: 0
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
visited = set()
|
||||
|
||||
visited_count = 0
|
||||
|
||||
while open_set:
|
||||
|
||||
_, _, current = heapq.heappop(open_set)
|
||||
|
||||
if current in visited:
|
||||
continue
|
||||
|
||||
visited.add(current)
|
||||
|
||||
visited_count += 1
|
||||
|
||||
if current == exit:
|
||||
path = reconstruct_path(parents, exit)
|
||||
return path, visited_count
|
||||
|
||||
for neighbor in maze.getNeighbors(current):
|
||||
|
||||
tentative_g = g_score[current] + 1
|
||||
|
||||
if neighbor not in g_score or tentative_g < g_score[neighbor]:
|
||||
|
||||
g_score[neighbor] = tentative_g
|
||||
|
||||
parents[neighbor] = current
|
||||
|
||||
f_score = tentative_g + self.heuristic(neighbor, exit)
|
||||
|
||||
counter += 1
|
||||
|
||||
heapq.heappush(
|
||||
open_set,
|
||||
(f_score, counter, neighbor)
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
return [], visited_count
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# ============================================================
|
||||
# DIJKSTRA
|
||||
# ============================================================
|
||||
|
||||
class DijkstraStrategy(PathFindingStrategy):
|
||||
|
||||
@property
|
||||
def name(self):
|
||||
return "Dijkstra"
|
||||
|
||||
def findPath(self, maze, start, exit):
|
||||
|
||||
counter = 0
|
||||
|
||||
queue = []
|
||||
|
||||
heapq.heappush(queue, (0, counter, start))
|
||||
|
||||
distances = {
|
||||
start: 0
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
parents = {
|
||||
start: None
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
visited = set()
|
||||
|
||||
visited_count = 0
|
||||
|
||||
while queue:
|
||||
|
||||
dist, _, current = heapq.heappop(queue)
|
||||
|
||||
if current in visited:
|
||||
continue
|
||||
|
||||
visited.add(current)
|
||||
|
||||
visited_count += 1
|
||||
|
||||
if current == exit:
|
||||
path = reconstruct_path(parents, exit)
|
||||
return path, visited_count
|
||||
|
||||
for neighbor, weight in maze.getWeightedNeighbors(current):
|
||||
|
||||
new_dist = dist + weight
|
||||
|
||||
if neighbor not in distances or new_dist < distances[neighbor]:
|
||||
|
||||
distances[neighbor] = new_dist
|
||||
|
||||
parents[neighbor] = current
|
||||
|
||||
counter += 1
|
||||
|
||||
heapq.heappush(
|
||||
queue,
|
||||
(new_dist, counter, neighbor)
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
return [], visited_count
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# ============================================================
|
||||
# ЭТАП 4. STATS + SOLVER
|
||||
# ============================================================
|
||||
|
||||
class SearchStats:
|
||||
|
||||
def __init__(
|
||||
self,
|
||||
strategy_name,
|
||||
time_ms,
|
||||
visited_cells,
|
||||
path_length,
|
||||
path_found
|
||||
):
|
||||
self.strategy_name = strategy_name
|
||||
self.time_ms = time_ms
|
||||
self.visited_cells = visited_cells
|
||||
self.path_length = path_length
|
||||
self.path_found = path_found
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
class MazeSolver:
|
||||
|
||||
def __init__(self, maze, strategy=None):
|
||||
self.maze = maze
|
||||
self.strategy = strategy
|
||||
|
||||
def setStrategy(self, strategy):
|
||||
self.strategy = strategy
|
||||
|
||||
def solve(self):
|
||||
|
||||
if self.strategy is None:
|
||||
raise ValueError("Стратегия не выбрана")
|
||||
|
||||
start_time = time.perf_counter()
|
||||
|
||||
path, visited = self.strategy.findPath(
|
||||
self.maze,
|
||||
self.maze.start,
|
||||
self.maze.exit
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
end_time = time.perf_counter()
|
||||
|
||||
elapsed_ms = (end_time - start_time) * 1000
|
||||
|
||||
return SearchStats(
|
||||
self.strategy.name,
|
||||
elapsed_ms,
|
||||
visited,
|
||||
len(path),
|
||||
len(path) > 0
|
||||
), path
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# ============================================================
|
||||
# ВИЗУАЛИЗАЦИЯ
|
||||
# ============================================================
|
||||
|
||||
def render(maze, path=None):
|
||||
|
||||
path_set = set(path) if path else set()
|
||||
|
||||
for y in range(maze.height):
|
||||
|
||||
line = ""
|
||||
|
||||
for x in range(maze.width):
|
||||
|
||||
cell = maze.getCell(x, y)
|
||||
|
||||
if cell == maze.start:
|
||||
line += "S"
|
||||
|
||||
elif cell == maze.exit:
|
||||
line += "E"
|
||||
|
||||
elif cell in path_set:
|
||||
line += "."
|
||||
|
||||
elif cell.is_wall:
|
||||
line += "#"
|
||||
|
||||
else:
|
||||
line += " "
|
||||
|
||||
print(line)
|
||||
|
||||
print()
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# ============================================================
|
||||
# ФАЙЛЫ И ПУТИ
|
||||
# ============================================================
|
||||
|
||||
OUTPUT_DIR = os.path.join("docs", "data")
|
||||
|
||||
PREFIX = "_2lab"
|
||||
|
||||
os.makedirs(OUTPUT_DIR, exist_ok=True)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def get_path(filename):
|
||||
|
||||
name, ext = os.path.splitext(filename)
|
||||
|
||||
return os.path.join(
|
||||
OUTPUT_DIR,
|
||||
f"{name}{PREFIX}{ext}"
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# ============================================================
|
||||
# СОЗДАНИЕ ЛАБИРИНТА
|
||||
# ============================================================
|
||||
|
||||
def create_test_maze(filename, lines):
|
||||
|
||||
with open(filename, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
|
||||
|
||||
for line in lines:
|
||||
f.write(line + '\n')
|
||||
|
||||
return filename
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# ============================================================
|
||||
# ГЕНЕРАЦИЯ
|
||||
# ============================================================
|
||||
|
||||
def generate_maze(width, height, wall_density=0.3):
|
||||
|
||||
grid = [[' ' for _ in range(width)] for _ in range(height)]
|
||||
|
||||
for x in range(width):
|
||||
grid[0][x] = '#'
|
||||
grid[height - 1][x] = '#'
|
||||
|
||||
for y in range(height):
|
||||
grid[y][0] = '#'
|
||||
grid[y][width - 1] = '#'
|
||||
|
||||
x, y = 1, 1
|
||||
|
||||
path_cells = {(x, y)}
|
||||
|
||||
while x < width - 2 or y < height - 2:
|
||||
|
||||
if x < width - 2 and random.random() > 0.3:
|
||||
x += 1
|
||||
|
||||
elif y < height - 2:
|
||||
y += 1
|
||||
|
||||
else:
|
||||
x += 1
|
||||
|
||||
path_cells.add((x, y))
|
||||
|
||||
for yy in range(1, height - 1):
|
||||
|
||||
for xx in range(1, width - 1):
|
||||
|
||||
if (xx, yy) not in path_cells:
|
||||
|
||||
if random.random() < wall_density:
|
||||
grid[yy][xx] = '#'
|
||||
|
||||
grid[1][1] = 'S'
|
||||
grid[height - 2][width - 2] = 'E'
|
||||
|
||||
return [''.join(row) for row in grid]
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def generate_empty_maze(size):
|
||||
|
||||
lines = [" " * size for _ in range(size)]
|
||||
|
||||
lines[0] = "S" + " " * (size - 1)
|
||||
|
||||
lines[size - 1] = " " * (size - 1) + "E"
|
||||
|
||||
return lines
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def generate_no_exit_maze(size):
|
||||
|
||||
lines = generate_maze(size, size, wall_density=0.2)
|
||||
|
||||
for y, line in enumerate(lines):
|
||||
|
||||
if 'E' in line:
|
||||
|
||||
x = line.index('E')
|
||||
|
||||
for dy, dx in [(-1, 0), (1, 0), (0, -1), (0, 1)]:
|
||||
|
||||
ny = y + dy
|
||||
nx = x + dx
|
||||
|
||||
if 0 <= ny < size and 0 <= nx < size:
|
||||
|
||||
if lines[ny][nx] == ' ':
|
||||
|
||||
lines[ny] = (
|
||||
lines[ny][:nx]
|
||||
+ '#'
|
||||
+ lines[ny][nx + 1:]
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
return lines
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# ============================================================
|
||||
# ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТЫ
|
||||
# ============================================================
|
||||
|
||||
def run_experiments():
|
||||
|
||||
mazes = {
|
||||
|
||||
"small": [
|
||||
"##########",
|
||||
"#S #",
|
||||
"# ###### #",
|
||||
"# # # #",
|
||||
"# # ## # #",
|
||||
"# # ## # #",
|
||||
"# # # #",
|
||||
"# ###### #",
|
||||
"# E#",
|
||||
"##########"
|
||||
],
|
||||
|
||||
"medium": generate_maze(50, 50, 0.35),
|
||||
|
||||
"large": generate_maze(100, 100, 0.4),
|
||||
|
||||
"empty": generate_empty_maze(20),
|
||||
|
||||
"no_exit": generate_no_exit_maze(15)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
strategies = [
|
||||
BFSStrategy(),
|
||||
DFSStrategy(),
|
||||
AStarStrategy(),
|
||||
DijkstraStrategy()
|
||||
]
|
||||
|
||||
results = []
|
||||
|
||||
print("=" * 60)
|
||||
print("ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТЫ")
|
||||
print("=" * 60)
|
||||
|
||||
for maze_name, lines in mazes.items():
|
||||
|
||||
filename = get_path(f"{maze_name}.txt")
|
||||
|
||||
create_test_maze(filename, lines)
|
||||
|
||||
maze = TextFileMazeBuilder().buildFromFile(filename)
|
||||
|
||||
print(f"\nЛабиринт: {maze_name}")
|
||||
print("-" * 60)
|
||||
|
||||
for strategy in strategies:
|
||||
|
||||
times = []
|
||||
visited_values = []
|
||||
|
||||
final_path_len = 0
|
||||
|
||||
for _ in range(5):
|
||||
|
||||
solver = MazeSolver(maze)
|
||||
|
||||
solver.setStrategy(strategy)
|
||||
|
||||
stats, path = solver.solve()
|
||||
|
||||
times.append(stats.time_ms)
|
||||
|
||||
visited_values.append(stats.visited_cells)
|
||||
|
||||
final_path_len = stats.path_length
|
||||
|
||||
avg_time = sum(times) / len(times)
|
||||
|
||||
avg_visited = sum(visited_values) / len(visited_values)
|
||||
|
||||
results.append({
|
||||
"maze": maze_name,
|
||||
"strategy": strategy.name,
|
||||
"time_ms": round(avg_time, 4),
|
||||
"visited": int(avg_visited),
|
||||
"path_length": final_path_len
|
||||
})
|
||||
|
||||
status = "найден" if final_path_len > 0 else "не найден"
|
||||
|
||||
print(
|
||||
f"{strategy.name:<10} | "
|
||||
f"{avg_time:>8.4f} мс | "
|
||||
f"{int(avg_visited):>5} клеток | "
|
||||
f"путь {status}"
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
csv_path = get_path("results.csv")
|
||||
|
||||
with open(csv_path, "w", newline="", encoding='utf-8') as f:
|
||||
|
||||
writer = csv.DictWriter(
|
||||
f,
|
||||
fieldnames=[
|
||||
"maze",
|
||||
"strategy",
|
||||
"time_ms",
|
||||
"visited",
|
||||
"path_length"
|
||||
]
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
writer.writeheader()
|
||||
|
||||
writer.writerows(results)
|
||||
|
||||
print(f"\nCSV сохранён: {csv_path}")
|
||||
|
||||
return results
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# ============================================================
|
||||
# ГРАФИК
|
||||
# ============================================================
|
||||
|
||||
def build_charts(results):
|
||||
|
||||
mazes = list(dict.fromkeys(r["maze"] for r in results))
|
||||
|
||||
strategies = list(dict.fromkeys(r["strategy"] for r in results))
|
||||
|
||||
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(12, 6))
|
||||
|
||||
x = range(len(mazes))
|
||||
|
||||
width = 0.2
|
||||
|
||||
colors = {
|
||||
'BFS': '#3498db',
|
||||
'DFS': '#e74c3c',
|
||||
'A*': '#2ecc71',
|
||||
'Dijkstra': '#f39c12'
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
for i, strategy in enumerate(strategies):
|
||||
|
||||
times = [
|
||||
r["time_ms"]
|
||||
for r in results
|
||||
if r["strategy"] == strategy
|
||||
]
|
||||
|
||||
ax.bar(
|
||||
[j + i * width for j in x],
|
||||
times,
|
||||
width,
|
||||
label=strategy,
|
||||
color=colors.get(strategy, 'gray')
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
ax.set_xlabel("Лабиринт")
|
||||
|
||||
ax.set_ylabel("Время (мс)")
|
||||
|
||||
ax.set_title("Сравнение алгоритмов")
|
||||
|
||||
ax.set_xticks([j + width * 1.5 for j in x])
|
||||
|
||||
ax.set_xticklabels(mazes)
|
||||
|
||||
ax.legend()
|
||||
|
||||
ax.grid(axis='y', alpha=0.3)
|
||||
|
||||
plt.tight_layout()
|
||||
|
||||
chart_path = get_path("chart_time.png")
|
||||
|
||||
plt.savefig(chart_path, dpi=150, bbox_inches='tight')
|
||||
|
||||
print(f"График сохранён: {chart_path}")
|
||||
|
||||
plt.show()
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# ============================================================
|
||||
# MAIN
|
||||
# ============================================================
|
||||
|
||||
def main():
|
||||
|
||||
results = run_experiments()
|
||||
|
||||
build_charts(results)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
if __name__ == "__main__":
|
||||
main()
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user