# 1. СВЯЗНЫЙ СПИСОК def ll_create_node(name, phone): return {'name': name, 'phone': phone, 'next': None} def ll_insert(head, name, phone): """Добавить или обновить запись. Возвращает голову списка.""" node = head while node is not None: if node['name'] == name: node['phone'] = phone # обновить return head node = node['next'] # Вставка в начало — O(1) new_node = ll_create_node(name, phone) new_node['next'] = head return new_node def ll_find(head, name): """Вернуть телефон или None.""" node = head while node is not None: if node['name'] == name: return node['phone'] node = node['next'] return None def ll_delete(head, name): """Удалить узел, вернуть новую голову.""" if head is None: return None if head['name'] == name: return head['next'] prev, node = head, head['next'] while node is not None: if node['name'] == name: prev['next'] = node['next'] return head prev, node = node, node['next'] return head def ll_list_all(head): """Собрать все записи и вернуть отсортированный список (name, phone).""" result = [] node = head while node is not None: result.append((node['name'], node['phone'])) node = node['next'] result.sort(key=lambda x: x[0]) return result # 2. ХЕШ-ТАБЛИЦА (цепочки через связный список) HT_SIZE = 1024 # число корзин (степень двойки) def ht_create(size=HT_SIZE): return [None] * size def _ht_hash(name, size): h = 5381 for ch in name: h = ((h << 5) + h) ^ ord(ch) return h % size def ht_insert(buckets, name, phone): idx = _ht_hash(name, len(buckets)) buckets[idx] = ll_insert(buckets[idx], name, phone) def ht_find(buckets, name): idx = _ht_hash(name, len(buckets)) return ll_find(buckets[idx], name) def ht_delete(buckets, name): idx = _ht_hash(name, len(buckets)) buckets[idx] = ll_delete(buckets[idx], name) def ht_list_all(buckets): result = [] for head in buckets: result.extend(ll_list_all(head)) result.sort(key=lambda x: x[0]) return result # 3. ДВОИЧНОЕ ДЕРЕВО ПОИСКА (BST) def bst_create_node(name, phone): return {'name': name, 'phone': phone, 'left': None, 'right': None} def bst_insert(root, name, phone): """Вставить / обновить. Возвращает корень.""" if root is None: return bst_create_node(name, phone) if name == root['name']: root['phone'] = phone elif name < root['name']: root['left'] = bst_insert(root['left'], name, phone) else: root['right'] = bst_insert(root['right'], name, phone) return root def bst_find(root, name): """Вернуть телефон или None.""" while root is not None: if name == root['name']: return root['phone'] elif name < root['name']: root = root['left'] else: root = root['right'] return None def _bst_min(node): while node['left'] is not None: node = node['left'] return node def bst_delete(root, name): """Удалить узел, вернуть новый корень.""" if root is None: return None if name < root['name']: root['left'] = bst_delete(root['left'], name) elif name > root['name']: root['right'] = bst_delete(root['right'], name) else: # Узел найден if root['left'] is None: return root['right'] if root['right'] is None: return root['left'] # Два потомка: заменить минимальным из правого поддерева successor = _bst_min(root['right']) root['name'] = successor['name'] root['phone'] = successor['phone'] root['right'] = bst_delete(root['right'], successor['name']) return root def bst_list_all(root): """Центрированный (in-order) обход → отсортированный список.""" result = [] stack = [] node = root while stack or node is not None: while node is not None: stack.append(node) node = node['left'] node = stack.pop() result.append((node['name'], node['phone'])) node = node['right'] return result """ Экспериментальная часть: замер производительности трёх структур данных. """ import time import csv import random import os import sys sys.setrecursionlimit(30000) # BST с отсортированными данными — глубокая рекурсия # ── Параметры ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── N = 10_000 # размер набора REPEATS = 5 # повторений каждого замера SEARCH_N = 100 # запросов на поиск (существующих) SEARCH_MISS = 10 # запросов на поиск (отсутствующих) DELETE_N = 50 # удалений random.seed(42) # ── Генерация данных ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────── records_sorted = [(f"User_{i:05d}", f"+7-000-{i:07d}") for i in range(N)] records_shuffled = records_sorted[:] random.shuffle(records_shuffled) search_names_hit = [records_sorted[i][0] for i in random.sample(range(N), SEARCH_N)] search_names_miss = [f"None_{i:04d}" for i in range(SEARCH_MISS)] search_names = search_names_hit + search_names_miss delete_names = [records_sorted[i][0] for i in random.sample(range(N), DELETE_N)] # ── Вспомогательные функции ──────────────────────────────────────────────── def build_ll(records): head = None for name, phone in records: head = ll_insert(head, name, phone) return head def build_ht(records): buckets = ht_create() for name, phone in records: ht_insert(buckets, name, phone) return buckets def build_bst(records): root = None for name, phone in records: root = bst_insert(root, name, phone) return root STRUCTURES = { 'LinkedList': { 'build': build_ll, 'find': ll_find, 'delete': lambda ds, name: ll_delete(ds, name), # возвращает новый head 'list_all': ll_list_all, 'mutable': False, # ll_delete возвращает новую голову }, 'HashTable': { 'build': build_ht, 'find': ht_find, 'delete': lambda ds, name: ht_delete(ds, name), # in-place, returns None 'list_all': ht_list_all, 'mutable': True, }, 'BST': { 'build': build_bst, 'find': bst_find, 'delete': lambda ds, name: bst_delete(ds, name), # возвращает новый корень 'list_all': bst_list_all, 'mutable': False, }, } MODES = { 'shuffled': records_shuffled, 'sorted': records_sorted, } # ── Замер ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── def measure(fn, *args, repeats=REPEATS): times = [] for _ in range(repeats): t0 = time.perf_counter() fn(*args) times.append(time.perf_counter() - t0) return times rows = [["structure", "mode", "operation", "run", "time_sec"]] for struct_name, ops in STRUCTURES.items(): for mode_name, records in MODES.items(): print(f" {struct_name} / {mode_name} ...", flush=True) # ── А. Вставка ────────────────────────────────────────────────── insert_times = [] for run in range(REPEATS): t0 = time.perf_counter() ds = ops['build'](records) insert_times.append(time.perf_counter() - t0) rows.append([struct_name, mode_name, "insert", run + 1, insert_times[-1]]) # Строим структуру один раз для поиска и удаления ds = ops['build'](records) # ── Б. Поиск ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── def do_search(ds=ds): for name in search_names: ops['find'](ds, name) search_times = measure(do_search) for run, t in enumerate(search_times, 1): rows.append([struct_name, mode_name, "find", run, t]) # ── В. Удаление ───────────────────────────────────────────────── # Удаление изменяет структуру, поэтому каждый раз пересобираем delete_times = [] for run in range(REPEATS): ds2 = ops['build'](records) t0 = time.perf_counter() for name in delete_names: result = ops['delete'](ds2, name) if result is not None: # ll / bst возвращают новую голову/корень ds2 = result delete_times.append(time.perf_counter() - t0) rows.append([struct_name, mode_name, "delete", run + 1, delete_times[-1]]) print(f" insert avg={sum(insert_times)/REPEATS:.4f}s " f"find avg={sum(search_times)/REPEATS:.4f}s " f"delete avg={sum(delete_times)/REPEATS:.4f}s") with open("results.csv", "w", newline="", encoding="utf-8") as f: csv.writer(f).writerows(rows) print("\nРезультаты сохранены в docs/data/results.csv")