444 lines
14 KiB
Python
444 lines
14 KiB
Python
import time
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import csv
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import os
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from collections import deque
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import heapq
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from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
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# ========== ЭТАП 1: МОДЕЛЬ ЛАБИРИНТА ==========
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class Cell:
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"""Клетка лабиринта"""
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def __init__(self, x, y, is_wall=False, is_start=False, is_exit=False):
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self.x = x
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self.y = y
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self.is_wall = is_wall
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self.is_start = is_start
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self.is_exit = is_exit
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def is_passable(self):
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return not self.is_wall
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class Maze:
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"""Лабиринт: сетка клеток + старт + выход"""
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def __init__(self, width, height):
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self.width = width
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self.height = height
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self.grid = [[Cell(x, y) for x in range(width)] for y in range(height)]
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self.start = None
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self.exit = None
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def get_cell(self, x, y):
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if 0 <= x < self.width and 0 <= y < self.height:
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return self.grid[y][x]
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return None
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def get_neighbors(self, cell):
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"""Возвращает список проходимых соседей (вверх, вниз, влево, вправо)"""
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neighbors = []
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directions = [(0, -1), (0, 1), (-1, 0), (1, 0)] # вверх, вниз, влево, вправо
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for dx, dy in directions:
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nx, ny = cell.x + dx, cell.y + dy
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neighbor = self.get_cell(nx, ny)
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if neighbor and neighbor.is_passable():
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neighbors.append(neighbor)
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return neighbors
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def set_cell(self, x, y, cell):
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if 0 <= x < self.width and 0 <= y < self.height:
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self.grid[y][x] = cell
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# ========== ЭТАП 2: ПАТТЕРН BUILDER ==========
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class MazeBuilder(ABC):
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"""Интерфейс строителя лабиринта"""
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@abstractmethod
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def build_from_file(self, filename):
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pass
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class TextFileMazeBuilder(MazeBuilder):
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"""Загружает лабиринт из текстового файла"""
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def build_from_file(self, filename):
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with open(filename, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
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lines = f.readlines()
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# Убираем лишние пробелы и переносы строк
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lines = [line.rstrip('\n\r') for line in lines]
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height = len(lines)
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width = len(lines[0]) if height > 0 else 0
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maze = Maze(width, height)
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start = None
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exit_cell = None
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for y, line in enumerate(lines):
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for x, ch in enumerate(line):
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if ch == '#':
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cell = Cell(x, y, is_wall=True)
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elif ch == 'S':
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cell = Cell(x, y, is_start=True)
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start = cell
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elif ch == 'E':
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cell = Cell(x, y, is_exit=True)
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exit_cell = cell
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else: # пробел или '.' — проход
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cell = Cell(x, y, is_wall=False)
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maze.set_cell(x, y, cell)
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maze.start = start
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maze.exit = exit_cell
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# Валидация: проверяем, что есть и старт, и выход
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if maze.start is None or maze.exit is None:
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raise ValueError("В лабиринте должны быть S (старт) и E (выход)")
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return maze
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# ========== ЭТАП 3: ПАТТЕРН STRATEGY ==========
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class PathFindingStrategy(ABC):
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"""Интерфейс стратегии поиска пути"""
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@abstractmethod
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def find_path(self, maze, start, exit_cell):
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pass
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def reconstruct_path(parents, start, exit_cell):
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"""Восстанавливает путь от выхода до старта"""
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path = []
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current = exit_cell
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while current != start:
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path.append(current)
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current = parents.get((current.x, current.y))
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if current is None:
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return []
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path.append(start)
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path.reverse()
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return path
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class BFSStrategy(PathFindingStrategy):
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"""Поиск в ширину (гарантирует кратчайший путь)"""
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def find_path(self, maze, start, exit_cell):
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queue = deque()
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queue.append(start)
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visited = {(start.x, start.y)}
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parents = {}
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while queue:
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current = queue.popleft()
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if current == exit_cell:
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return reconstruct_path(parents, start, exit_cell)
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for neighbor in maze.get_neighbors(current):
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if (neighbor.x, neighbor.y) not in visited:
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visited.add((neighbor.x, neighbor.y))
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parents[(neighbor.x, neighbor.y)] = current
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queue.append(neighbor)
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return [] # Путь не найден
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class DFSStrategy(PathFindingStrategy):
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"""Поиск в глубину (быстрый, но не гарантирует кратчайший путь)"""
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def find_path(self, maze, start, exit_cell):
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stack = [start]
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visited = {(start.x, start.y)}
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parents = {}
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while stack:
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current = stack.pop()
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if current == exit_cell:
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return reconstruct_path(parents, start, exit_cell)
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for neighbor in maze.get_neighbors(current):
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if (neighbor.x, neighbor.y) not in visited:
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visited.add((neighbor.x, neighbor.y))
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parents[(neighbor.x, neighbor.y)] = current
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stack.append(neighbor)
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return []
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class AStarStrategy(PathFindingStrategy):
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"""A* с манхэттенской эвристикой"""
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def _heuristic(self, cell, exit_cell):
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"""Манхэттенское расстояние"""
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return abs(cell.x - exit_cell.x) + abs(cell.y - exit_cell.y)
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def find_path(self, maze, start, exit_cell):
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# Приоритетная очередь: (f_score, counter, клетка)
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counter = 0
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open_set = [(0, counter, start)]
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heapq.heapify(open_set)
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came_from = {}
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g_score = {(start.x, start.y): 0}
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f_score = {(start.x, start.y): self._heuristic(start, exit_cell)}
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while open_set:
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current = heapq.heappop(open_set)[2]
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if current == exit_cell:
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return reconstruct_path(came_from, start, exit_cell)
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for neighbor in maze.get_neighbors(current):
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tentative_g = g_score.get((current.x, current.y), float('inf')) + 1
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if tentative_g < g_score.get((neighbor.x, neighbor.y), float('inf')):
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came_from[(neighbor.x, neighbor.y)] = current
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g_score[(neighbor.x, neighbor.y)] = tentative_g
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f = tentative_g + self._heuristic(neighbor, exit_cell)
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f_score[(neighbor.x, neighbor.y)] = f
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counter += 1
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heapq.heappush(open_set, (f, counter, neighbor))
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return []
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# ========== ЭТАП 4: КЛАСС-ОРКЕСТРАТОР ==========
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class SearchStats:
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"""Статистика поиска"""
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def __init__(self, time_ms=0, visited_cells=0, path_length=0, path_found=False):
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self.time_ms = time_ms
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self.visited_cells = visited_cells
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self.path_length = path_length
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self.path_found = path_found
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def __repr__(self):
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return f"Stats(time={self.time_ms:.3f}ms, visited={self.visited_cells}, length={self.path_length}, found={self.path_found})"
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class MazeSolver:
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"""Оркестратор: принимает лабиринт и стратегию, выполняет поиск"""
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def __init__(self, maze, strategy=None):
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self.maze = maze
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self.strategy = strategy
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self.observers = []
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def set_strategy(self, strategy):
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self.strategy = strategy
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def add_observer(self, observer):
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self.observers.append(observer)
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def _notify(self, event):
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for observer in self.observers:
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observer.update(event)
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def solve(self):
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if self.strategy is None:
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raise ValueError("Стратегия не установлена")
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if self.maze.start is None or self.maze.exit is None:
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raise ValueError("Лабиринт не содержит старт или выход")
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self._notify("Начало поиска пути...")
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start_time = time.perf_counter()
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path = self.strategy.find_path(self.maze, self.maze.start, self.maze.exit)
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end_time = time.perf_counter()
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time_ms = (end_time - start_time) * 1000
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stats = SearchStats(
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time_ms=time_ms,
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visited_cells=len(path) if path else 0,
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path_length=len(path),
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path_found=bool(path)
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)
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self._notify(f"Поиск завершён. Путь найден: {stats.path_found}")
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return path, stats
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# ========== ЭТАП 5: ПАТТЕРНЫ OBSERVER И COMMAND ==========
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class Observer(ABC):
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@abstractmethod
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def update(self, event):
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pass
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class ConsoleView(Observer):
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"""Визуализация лабиринта в консоли"""
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def __init__(self):
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self.last_path = []
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def render(self, maze, path=None, player_pos=None):
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"""Отрисовывает лабиринт в консоли"""
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# Очистка консоли
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os.system('cls' if os.name == 'nt' else 'clear')
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symbols = {
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'wall': '#',
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'path': '.',
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'start': 'S',
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'exit': 'E',
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'player': 'P',
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'way': 'O'
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}
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for y in range(maze.height):
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line = ""
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for x in range(maze.width):
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cell = maze.get_cell(x, y)
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if player_pos and player_pos == (x, y):
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line += symbols['player']
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elif cell == maze.start:
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line += symbols['start']
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elif cell == maze.exit:
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line += symbols['exit']
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elif cell.is_wall:
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line += symbols['wall']
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elif path and cell in path:
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line += symbols['way']
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else:
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line += symbols['path']
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print(line)
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print(f"\nРазмер: {maze.width}x{maze.height}")
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def update(self, event):
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print(f"[ConsoleView] {event}")
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class Command(ABC):
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@abstractmethod
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def execute(self):
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pass
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@abstractmethod
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def undo(self):
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pass
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class Player:
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"""Игрок, который может перемещаться по лабиринту"""
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def __init__(self, start_cell):
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self.current = start_cell
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self.previous = start_cell
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def move_to(self, cell):
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self.previous = self.current
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self.current = cell
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def undo_move(self):
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self.current, self.previous = self.previous, self.current
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class MoveCommand(Command):
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"""Команда перемещения игрока"""
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def __init__(self, player, maze, direction):
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self.player = player
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self.maze = maze
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self.direction = direction
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self.executed = False
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def execute(self):
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dx, dy = self.direction
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new_cell = self.maze.get_cell(self.player.current.x + dx, self.player.current.y + dy)
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if new_cell and new_cell.is_passable():
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self.player.move_to(new_cell)
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self.executed = True
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return True
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return False
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def undo(self):
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if self.executed:
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self.player.undo_move()
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self.executed = False
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# ========== ДЕМОНСТРАЦИЯ РАБОТЫ ==========
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def create_test_maze():
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"""Создаёт тестовый лабиринт для проверки (если нет файла)"""
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maze = Maze(10, 10)
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# Заполняем стенами
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for y in range(10):
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for x in range(10):
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maze.set_cell(x, y, Cell(x, y, is_wall=True))
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# Создаём коридор
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for x in range(10):
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maze.set_cell(x, 5, Cell(x, 5, is_wall=False))
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maze.set_cell(0, 5, Cell(0, 5, is_start=True))
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maze.set_cell(9, 5, Cell(9, 5, is_exit=True))
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maze.start = maze.get_cell(0, 5)
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maze.exit = maze.get_cell(9, 5)
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return maze
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if __name__ == "__main__":
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print("=== Лабиринт: поиск выхода ===\n")
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# Создаём лабиринт через Builder (или тестовый)
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builder = TextFileMazeBuilder()
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try:
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# Попробуем загрузить из файла
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maze = builder.build_from_file("maze.txt")
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print("Лабиринт загружен из файла maze.txt")
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except FileNotFoundError:
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print("Файл maze.txt не найден. Использую тестовый лабиринт.")
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maze = create_test_maze()
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# Создаём визуализацию
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view = ConsoleView()
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# Тестируем стратегии
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strategies = {
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"BFS": BFSStrategy(),
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"DFS": DFSStrategy(),
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"A*": AStarStrategy()
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}
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solver = MazeSolver(maze)
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solver.add_observer(view)
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results = []
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for name, strategy in strategies.items():
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print(f"\n--- {name} ---")
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solver.set_strategy(strategy)
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path, stats = solver.solve()
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results.append([name, stats.time_ms, stats.visited_cells, stats.path_length, stats.path_found])
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view.render(maze, path)
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print(f"Время: {stats.time_ms:.3f} мс")
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print(f"Длина пути: {stats.path_length}")
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input("\nНажми Enter для продолжения...")
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# Сохраняем результаты
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with open("maze_results.csv", "w", newline='', encoding='utf-8') as f:
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writer = csv.writer(f)
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writer.writerow(["Стратегия", "Время(мс)", "Посещено клеток", "Длина пути", "Путь найден"])
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writer.writerows(results)
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print("\n Результаты сохранены в maze_results.csv") |