Merge pull request '[1] for 1-st ex' (#228) from fomichevks/2026-rff_mp:fomichevks into develop

Reviewed-on: UNN/2026-rff_mp#228

fomichevks/docs/data/empty.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+########################################
+#S                                      #
+#                                       #
+#                                       #
+#                                       #
+#                                       #
+#                                       #
+#                                       #
+#                                       #
+#                                       #
+#                                       #
+#                                       #
+#                                       #
+#                                       #
+#                                       #
+#                                       #
+#                                       #
+#                                       #
+#                                       #
+#                                       #
+#                                       #
+#                                       #
+#                                       #
+#                                       #
+#                                       #
+#                                       #
+#                                       #
+#                                       #
+#                                       #
+#                                       #
+#                                       #
+#                                       #
+#                                       #
+#                                       #
+#                                       #
+#                                       #
+#                                       #
+#                                       #
+#                                       #
+#                                       #
+#                                       #
+#                                       #
+#                                       #
+#                                       #
+#                                       #
+#                                       #
+#                                       #
+#                                       E#
+########################################

fomichevks/docs/data/experiment_results.csv

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+maze,strategy,time_ms,visited_cells,path_length,success_rate
+Small (10x10),BFS,0.052460000733844936,30.0,14.0,1.0
+Small (10x10),DFS,0.0480999966384843,32.0,14.0,1.0
+Small (10x10),A*,0.07206000154837966,23.0,14.0,1.0
+Medium (50x50),BFS,0.2786600001854822,182.0,92.0,1.0
+Medium (50x50),DFS,0.14713999989908189,93.0,92.0,1.0
+Medium (50x50),A*,0.5699400004232302,182.0,92.0,1.0
+Large (100x100),BFS,0.39185999776236713,201.0,149.0,1.0
+Large (100x100),DFS,0.2371800015680492,151.0,149.0,1.0
+Large (100x100),A*,0.5810399976326153,200.0,149.0,1.0
+Empty,BFS,3.187239999533631,1834.0,86.0,1.0
+Empty,DFS,1.9440599950030446,1797.0,922.0,1.0
+Empty,A*,6.751939994865097,1834.0,86.0,1.0

fomichevks/docs/data/large.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+####################################################################################################
+#S                                                                                                  #
+# ################################################################################################ #
+# #                                                                                              # #
+# # ############################################################################################ # #
+# # #                                                                                          # # #
+# # # ######################################################################################## # # #
+# # # #                                                                                      # # # #
+# # # # #################################################################################### # # # #
+# # # # #                                                                                  # # # # #
+# # # # # ################################################################################ # # # # #
+# # # # # #                                                                              # # # # # #
+# # # # # # ############################################################################ # # # # # #
+# # # # # # #                                                                          # # # # # # #
+# # # # # # # ######################################################################## # # # # # # #
+# # # # # # # #                                                                      # # # # # # # #
+# # # # # # # # #################################################################### # # # # # # # #
+# # # # # # # # #                                                                  # # # # # # # # #
+# # # # # # # # # ################################################################ # # # # # # # # #
+# # # # # # # # # #                                                              # # # # # # # # # #
+# # # # # # # # # # ############################################################ # # # # # # # # # #
+# # # # # # # # # # #                                                          # # # # # # # # # # #
+# # # # # # # # # # # ######################################################## # # # # # # # # # # #
+# # # # # # # # # # # #                                                      # # # # # # # # # # # #
+# # # # # # # # # # # # #################################################### # # # # # # # # # # # #
+# # # # # # # # # # # # #                                                  # # # # # # # # # # # # #
+# # # # # # # # # # # # # ################################################ # # # # # # # # # # # # #
+# # # # # # # # # # # # # #                                              # # # # # # # # # # # # # #
+# # # # # # # # # # # # # # ############################################ # # # # # # # # # # # # # #
+# # # # # # # # # # # # # # #                                          # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #
+# # # # # # # # # # # # # # # ######################################## # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #
+# # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #                                      # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #
+# # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #################################### # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #
+# # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #                                  # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #
+# # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # ################################ # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #
+# # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #                              # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #
+# # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # ############################ # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #
+# # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #                          # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #
+# # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # ######################## # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #
+# # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #                      # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #
+# # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #################### # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #
+# # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #                  # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #
+# # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # ################ # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #
+# # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #              # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #
+# # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # ############ # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #
+# # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #          # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #
+# # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # ######## # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #
+# # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #      # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #
+# # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #### # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #
+# # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #  # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #
+# # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #  # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #
+# # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #  # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #
+# # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #  # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #E#
+####################################################################################################

fomichevks/docs/data/maze.py

@@ -0,0 +1,532 @@
+import sys
+from collections import deque
+import heapq
+import time
+import os
+from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
+from typing import List, Optional, Dict, Any
+
+
+DATA_PATH = r"C:\Users\Kirill\2026-rff_mp\fomichevks\docs\data"
+
+
+class Observer(ABC):
+    @abstractmethod
+    def update(self, event: str, data: Any = None):
+        pass
+
+
+class Observable:
+    def __init__(self):
+        self._observers: List[Observer] = []
+
+    def attach(self, observer: Observer):
+        self._observers.append(observer)
+
+    def detach(self, observer: Observer):
+        self._observers.remove(observer)
+
+    def notify(self, event: str, data: Any = None):
+        for observer in self._observers:
+            observer.update(event, data)
+
+
+class Tile:
+    def __init__(self, x: int, y: int):
+        self._x = x
+        self._y = y
+        self._wall = False
+        self._start = False
+        self._exit = False
+
+    @property
+    def x(self) -> int:
+        return self._x
+
+    @property
+    def y(self) -> int:
+        return self._y
+
+    @property
+    def is_wall(self) -> bool:
+        return self._wall
+
+    @is_wall.setter
+    def is_wall(self, v: bool):
+        self._wall = v
+
+    @property
+    def is_start(self) -> bool:
+        return self._start
+
+    @is_start.setter
+    def is_start(self, v: bool):
+        self._start = v
+
+    @property
+    def is_exit(self) -> bool:
+        return self._exit
+
+    @is_exit.setter
+    def is_exit(self, v: bool):
+        self._exit = v
+
+    def passable(self) -> bool:
+        return not self._wall
+
+    def __hash__(self):
+        return hash((self._x, self._y))
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        if not isinstance(other, Tile):
+            return False
+        return self._x == other._x and self._y == other._y
+
+
+class Maze:
+    def __init__(self, w: int, h: int):
+        self._w = w
+        self._h = h
+        self._cells = [[Tile(x, y) for x in range(w)] for y in range(h)]
+        self._start: Optional[Tile] = None
+        self._exit: Optional[Tile] = None
+
+    @property
+    def width(self) -> int:
+        return self._w
+
+    @property
+    def height(self) -> int:
+        return self._h
+
+    @property
+    def start(self) -> Optional[Tile]:
+        return self._start
+
+    @property
+    def exit(self) -> Optional[Tile]:
+        return self._exit
+
+    def get_cell(self, x: int, y: int) -> Optional[Tile]:
+        if 0 <= x < self._w and 0 <= y < self._h:
+            return self._cells[y][x]
+        return None
+
+    def set_cell(self, x: int, y: int, kind: str):
+        c = self.get_cell(x, y)
+        if not c:
+            return
+        if kind == 'wall':
+            c.is_wall = True
+        elif kind == 'start':
+            if self._start:
+                self._start.is_start = False
+            c.is_start = True
+            c.is_wall = False
+            self._start = c
+        elif kind == 'exit':
+            if self._exit:
+                self._exit.is_exit = False
+            c.is_exit = True
+            c.is_wall = False
+            self._exit = c
+        elif kind == 'path':
+            c.is_wall = False
+
+    def neighbours(self, cell: Tile) -> List[Tile]:
+        result = []
+        for dx, dy in [(0, -1), (0, 1), (-1, 0), (1, 0)]:
+            nx, ny = cell.x + dx, cell.y + dy
+            nb = self.get_cell(nx, ny)
+            if nb and nb.passable():
+                result.append(nb)
+        return result
+
+
+class MazeLoader(ABC):
+    @abstractmethod
+    def load(self, filename: str) -> Maze:
+        pass
+
+
+class TextMazeLoader(MazeLoader):
+    def load(self, filename: str) -> Maze:
+        with open(filename, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+            lines = [line.rstrip('\n') for line in f.readlines()]
+
+        h = len(lines)
+        w = max(len(line) for line in lines) if h else 0
+
+        start_count = 0
+        exit_count = 0
+        maze = Maze(w, h)
+
+        for y, line in enumerate(lines):
+            for x, ch in enumerate(line):
+                if ch == '#':
+                    maze.set_cell(x, y, 'wall')
+                elif ch == 'S':
+                    maze.set_cell(x, y, 'start')
+                    start_count += 1
+                elif ch == 'E':
+                    maze.set_cell(x, y, 'exit')
+                    exit_count += 1
+                else:
+                    maze.set_cell(x, y, 'path')
+
+        if start_count != 1 or exit_count != 1:
+            raise ValueError(f"Maze must have one S and one E. Found: S={start_count}, E={exit_count}")
+
+        return maze
+
+
+class PathFinder(ABC):
+    def __init__(self):
+        self._visited = 0
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def find(self, maze: Maze, start: Tile, goal: Tile) -> List[Tile]:
+        pass
+
+    def _reconstruct(self, parent: Dict[Tile, Optional[Tile]], start: Tile, goal: Tile) -> List[Tile]:
+        path = []
+        current = goal
+        while current is not None:
+            path.append(current)
+            current = parent.get(current)
+        path.reverse()
+        return path if path and path[0] == start else []
+
+    @property
+    def visited_count(self) -> int:
+        return self._visited
+
+
+class BFS(PathFinder):
+    def find(self, maze: Maze, start: Tile, goal: Tile) -> List[Tile]:
+        queue = deque([start])
+        parent = {start: None}
+        visited = {start}
+
+        while queue:
+            current = queue.popleft()
+
+            if current == goal:
+                self._visited = len(visited)
+                return self._reconstruct(parent, start, goal)
+
+            for neighbor in maze.neighbours(current):
+                if neighbor not in visited:
+                    visited.add(neighbor)
+                    parent[neighbor] = current
+                    queue.append(neighbor)
+
+        self._visited = len(visited)
+        return []
+
+
+class DFS(PathFinder):
+    def find(self, maze: Maze, start: Tile, goal: Tile) -> List[Tile]:
+        stack = [start]
+        parent = {start: None}
+        visited = {start}
+
+        while stack:
+            current = stack.pop()
+
+            if current == goal:
+                self._visited = len(visited)
+                return self._reconstruct(parent, start, goal)
+
+            for neighbor in maze.neighbours(current):
+                if neighbor not in visited:
+                    visited.add(neighbor)
+                    parent[neighbor] = current
+                    stack.append(neighbor)
+
+        self._visited = len(visited)
+        return []
+
+
+class AStar(PathFinder):
+    def _heuristic(self, cell: Tile, goal: Tile) -> int:
+        return abs(cell.x - goal.x) + abs(cell.y - goal.y)
+
+    def find(self, maze: Maze, start: Tile, goal: Tile) -> List[Tile]:
+        heap = []
+        counter = 0
+        start_f = self._heuristic(start, goal)
+        heapq.heappush(heap, (start_f, counter, start))
+        counter += 1
+
+        parent = {}
+        g_score = {start: 0}
+        f_score = {start: start_f}
+        visited = set()
+
+        while heap:
+            current_f, _, current = heapq.heappop(heap)
+            visited.add(current)
+
+            if current == goal:
+                self._visited = len(visited)
+                return self._reconstruct(parent, start, goal)
+
+            if current_f > f_score.get(current, float('inf')):
+                continue
+
+            for neighbor in maze.neighbours(current):
+                tentative_g = g_score[current] + 1
+
+                if tentative_g < g_score.get(neighbor, float('inf')):
+                    parent[neighbor] = current
+                    g_score[neighbor] = tentative_g
+                    new_f = tentative_g + self._heuristic(neighbor, goal)
+                    f_score[neighbor] = new_f
+                    heapq.heappush(heap, (new_f, counter, neighbor))
+                    counter += 1
+
+        self._visited = len(visited)
+        return []
+
+
+class MazeSolver(Observable):
+    def __init__(self, maze: Maze):
+        super().__init__()
+        self._maze = maze
+        self._algorithm: Optional[PathFinder] = None
+
+    def set_algorithm(self, algorithm: PathFinder):
+        self._algorithm = algorithm
+
+    def solve(self) -> Optional[Dict[str, Any]]:
+        if not self._algorithm:
+            raise ValueError("Algorithm not set")
+
+        start_time = time.perf_counter()
+        path = self._algorithm.find(self._maze, self._maze.start, self._maze.exit)
+        end_time = time.perf_counter()
+
+        elapsed_ms = (end_time - start_time) * 1000
+
+        return {
+            'time_ms': elapsed_ms,
+            'visited': self._algorithm.visited_count,
+            'path_length': len(path),
+            'path': path
+        }
+
+
+class Command(ABC):
+    @abstractmethod
+    def execute(self) -> bool:
+        pass
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def undo(self) -> bool:
+        pass
+
+
+class MoveCommand(Command):
+    def __init__(self, player: 'Player', dx: int, dy: int, maze: Maze):
+        self._player = player
+        self._dx = dx
+        self._dy = dy
+        self._maze = maze
+        self._executed = False
+
+    def execute(self) -> bool:
+        new_x = self._player.position.x + self._dx
+        new_y = self._player.position.y + self._dy
+        target = self._maze.get_cell(new_x, new_y)
+
+        if target and target.passable():
+            self._player.move_to(target)
+            self._executed = True
+            return True
+        return False
+
+    def undo(self) -> bool:
+        if self._executed:
+            self._player.undo()
+            self._executed = False
+            return True
+        return False
+
+
+class Player:
+    def __init__(self, start_tile: Tile):
+        self._position = start_tile
+        self._previous = None
+
+    @property
+    def position(self) -> Tile:
+        return self._position
+
+    def move_to(self, tile: Tile):
+        self._previous = self._position
+        self._position = tile
+
+    def undo(self):
+        if self._previous:
+            self._position, self._previous = self._previous, None
+
+
+class ConsoleView(Observer):
+    def __init__(self, maze: Maze, player: Optional[Player] = None):
+        self._maze = maze
+        self._player = player
+        self._current_path: List[Tile] = []
+
+    def update(self, event: str, data: Any = None):
+        if event == "solving_finished":
+            self._current_path = data.get('path', [])
+            self._display_solution(data)
+
+    def _display_solution(self, stats: Dict):
+        os.system('cls' if os.name == 'nt' else 'clear')
+        print("=" * (self._maze.width * 2 + 4))
+        print("MAZE SOLUTION")
+        print("=" * (self._maze.width * 2 + 4))
+
+        for y in range(self._maze.height):
+            print("  ", end='')
+            for x in range(self._maze.width):
+                cell = self._maze.get_cell(x, y)
+                if cell == self._maze.start:
+                    print('S', end=' ')
+                elif cell == self._maze.exit:
+                    print('E', end=' ')
+                elif cell.is_wall:
+                    print('#', end=' ')
+                elif self._current_path and cell in self._current_path:
+                    print('●', end=' ')
+                else:
+                    print('.', end=' ')
+            print()
+
+        print("=" * (self._maze.width * 2 + 4))
+        print(f"Time: {stats['time_ms']:.3f} ms")
+        print(f"Visited: {stats['visited']}")
+        print(f"Path length: {stats['path_length']}")
+
+    def display_maze(self):
+        os.system('cls' if os.name == 'nt' else 'clear')
+        print("=" * (self._maze.width * 2 + 4))
+        print("MAZE")
+        print("=" * (self._maze.width * 2 + 4))
+
+        for y in range(self._maze.height):
+            print("  ", end='')
+            for x in range(self._maze.width):
+                cell = self._maze.get_cell(x, y)
+                if self._player and cell == self._player.position:
+                    print('P', end=' ')
+                elif cell == self._maze.start:
+                    print('S', end=' ')
+                elif cell == self._maze.exit:
+                    print('E', end=' ')
+                elif cell.is_wall:
+                    print('#', end=' ')
+                else:
+                    print('.', end=' ')
+            print()
+
+        print("=" * (self._maze.width * 2 + 4))
+        print("S - start  E - exit  # - wall  . - path  P - player")
+
+
+def interactive_mode(maze: Maze):
+    player = Player(maze.start)
+    view = ConsoleView(maze, player)
+    view.display_maze()
+
+    solver = MazeSolver(maze)
+    solver.attach(view)
+
+    commands_history: List[Command] = []
+
+    print("\nControls:")
+    print("H (←) J (↓) K (↑) L (→) - move")
+    print("U - undo")
+    print("B - BFS")
+    print("D - DFS")
+    print("A - A*")
+    print("Q - quit")
+    print("\n" + "=" * 50)
+
+    while True:
+        cmd = input("\n> ").lower().strip()
+
+        if cmd == 'q':
+            break
+
+        elif cmd == 'b':
+            solver.set_algorithm(BFS())
+            result = solver.solve()
+            if result:
+                print(f"BFS: {result['time_ms']:.3f} ms, visited={result['visited']}, length={result['path_length']}")
+
+        elif cmd == 'd':
+            solver.set_algorithm(DFS())
+            result = solver.solve()
+            if result:
+                print(f"DFS: {result['time_ms']:.3f} ms, visited={result['visited']}, length={result['path_length']}")
+
+        elif cmd == 'a':
+            solver.set_algorithm(AStar())
+            result = solver.solve()
+            if result:
+                print(f"A*: {result['time_ms']:.3f} ms, visited={result['visited']}, length={result['path_length']}")
+
+        elif cmd in ['h', 'j', 'k', 'l']:
+            dir_map = {'h': (-1, 0), 'l': (1, 0), 'k': (0, -1), 'j': (0, 1)}
+            dx, dy = dir_map[cmd]
+            move = MoveCommand(player, dx, dy, maze)
+
+            if move.execute():
+                commands_history.append(move)
+                view.display_maze()
+
+                if player.position == maze.exit:
+                    print("\n*** YOU ESCAPED! ***")
+                    print(f"Total moves: {len(commands_history)}")
+                    break
+            else:
+                print("Blocked!")
+
+        elif cmd == 'u':
+            if commands_history:
+                last_command = commands_history.pop()
+                last_command.undo()
+                view.display_maze()
+                print("Undo successful")
+            else:
+                print("Nothing to undo")
+
+        else:
+            print("Unknown command")
+
+
+def main():
+    if len(sys.argv) > 1 and sys.argv[1] == 'experiment':
+        import subprocess
+        subprocess.run([sys.executable, 'plots.py'])
+        return
+
+    loader = TextMazeLoader()
+
+
+    maze_file = os.path.join(DATA_PATH, "maze1.txt")
+
+    if not os.path.exists(maze_file):
+        print(f"ERROR: Maze file not found: {maze_file}")
+        print(f"Please create maze1.txt in: {DATA_PATH}")
+        return
+
+    maze = loader.load(maze_file)
+    interactive_mode(maze)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()

fomichevks/docs/data/maze1.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+##########
+#S       #
+### ##### 
+#   #   E#
+# # # # ##
+#   #   # 
+####### #
+#        #
+# ###### #
+##########

fomichevks/docs/data/medium.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+##################################################
+#S                                              #
+# ############################################# #
+# #                                           # #
+# # ######################################### # #
+# # #                                       # # #
+# # # ##################################### # # #
+# # # #                                   # # # #
+# # # # ################################# # # # #
+# # # # #                               # # # # #
+# # # # # ############################# # # # # #
+# # # # # #                           # # # # # #
+# # # # # # ######################### # # # # # #
+# # # # # # #                       # # # # # # #
+# # # # # # # ##################### # # # # # # #
+# # # # # # # #                   # # # # # # # #
+# # # # # # # # ################# # # # # # # # #
+# # # # # # # # #               # # # # # # # # #
+# # # # # # # # # ############# # # # # # # # # #
+# # # # # # # # # #           # # # # # # # # # #
+# # # # # # # # # # ######### # # # # # # # # # #
+# # # # # # # # # # #       # # # # # # # # # # #
+# # # # # # # # # # # ##### # # # # # # # # # # #
+# # # # # # # # # # # #   # # # # # # # # # # # #
+# # # # # # # # # # # #   # # # # # # # # # # # #
+# # # # # # # # # # # ##### # # # # # # # # # # #
+# # # # # # # # # # #       # # # # # # # # # # #
+# # # # # # # # # # ######### # # # # # # # # # #
+# # # # # # # # # #           # # # # # # # # # #
+# # # # # # # # # ############# # # # # # # # # #
+# # # # # # # # #               # # # # # # # # #
+# # # # # # # # ################# # # # # # # # #
+# # # # # # # #                   # # # # # # # #
+# # # # # # # ##################### # # # # # # #
+# # # # # # #                       # # # # # # #
+# # # # # # ######################### # # # # # #
+# # # # # #                           # # # # # #
+# # # # # ############################# # # # # #
+# # # # #                               # # # # #
+# # # # ################################# # # # #
+# # # #                                   # # # #
+# # # ##################################### # # #
+# # #                                       # # #
+# # ######################################### # #
+# #                                           # #
+# ############################################# #
+#                                              E#
+##################################################

fomichevks/docs/data/plots.py

@@ -0,0 +1,580 @@
+import csv
+import time
+import os
+import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
+import numpy as np
+from collections import deque
+import heapq
+
+from maze import DATA_PATH
+
+
+
+class Tile:
+    def __init__(self, x: int, y: int):
+        self._x = x
+        self._y = y
+        self._wall = False
+        self._start = False
+        self._exit = False
+
+    @property
+    def x(self) -> int:
+        return self._x
+
+    @property
+    def y(self) -> int:
+        return self._y
+
+    @property
+    def is_wall(self) -> bool:
+        return self._wall
+
+    @is_wall.setter
+    def is_wall(self, v: bool):
+        self._wall = v
+
+    @property
+    def is_start(self) -> bool:
+        return self._start
+
+    @is_start.setter
+    def is_start(self, v: bool):
+        self._start = v
+
+    @property
+    def is_exit(self) -> bool:
+        return self._exit
+
+    @is_exit.setter
+    def is_exit(self, v: bool):
+        self._exit = v
+
+    def passable(self) -> bool:
+        return not self._wall
+
+    def __hash__(self):
+        return hash((self._x, self._y))
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        if not isinstance(other, Tile):
+            return False
+        return self._x == other._x and self._y == other._y
+
+
+class Maze:
+    def __init__(self, w: int, h: int):
+        self._w = w
+        self._h = h
+        self._cells = [[Tile(x, y) for x in range(w)] for y in range(h)]
+        self._start = None
+        self._exit = None
+
+    @property
+    def width(self) -> int:
+        return self._w
+
+    @property
+    def height(self) -> int:
+        return self._h
+
+    @property
+    def start(self):
+        return self._start
+
+    @property
+    def exit(self):
+        return self._exit
+
+    def get_cell(self, x: int, y: int):
+        if 0 <= x < self._w and 0 <= y < self._h:
+            return self._cells[y][x]
+        return None
+
+    def set_cell(self, x: int, y: int, kind: str):
+        c = self.get_cell(x, y)
+        if not c:
+            return
+        if kind == 'wall':
+            c.is_wall = True
+        elif kind == 'start':
+            if self._start:
+                self._start.is_start = False
+            c.is_start = True
+            c.is_wall = False
+            self._start = c
+        elif kind == 'exit':
+            if self._exit:
+                self._exit.is_exit = False
+            c.is_exit = True
+            c.is_wall = False
+            self._exit = c
+        elif kind == 'path':
+            c.is_wall = False
+
+    def neighbours(self, cell):
+        result = []
+        for dx, dy in [(0, -1), (0, 1), (-1, 0), (1, 0)]:
+            nx, ny = cell.x + dx, cell.y + dy
+            nb = self.get_cell(nx, ny)
+            if nb and nb.passable():
+                result.append(nb)
+        return result
+
+
+class TextMazeLoader:
+    def load(self, filename: str):
+        with open(filename, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+            lines = [line.rstrip('\n') for line in f.readlines()]
+
+        h = len(lines)
+        w = max(len(line) for line in lines) if h else 0
+
+        start_count = 0
+        exit_count = 0
+        maze = Maze(w, h)
+
+        for y, line in enumerate(lines):
+            for x, ch in enumerate(line):
+                if ch == '#':
+                    maze.set_cell(x, y, 'wall')
+                elif ch == 'S':
+                    maze.set_cell(x, y, 'start')
+                    start_count += 1
+                elif ch == 'E':
+                    maze.set_cell(x, y, 'exit')
+                    exit_count += 1
+                else:
+                    maze.set_cell(x, y, 'path')
+
+        if start_count != 1 or exit_count != 1:
+            raise ValueError(f"Maze must have one S and one E. Found: S={start_count}, E={exit_count}")
+
+        return maze
+
+
+class BFS:
+    def __init__(self):
+        self._visited = 0
+
+    def find(self, maze, start, goal):
+        from collections import deque
+        queue = deque([start])
+        parent = {start: None}
+        visited = {start}
+
+        while queue:
+            current = queue.popleft()
+
+            if current == goal:
+                self._visited = len(visited)
+                return self._reconstruct(parent, start, goal)
+
+            for neighbor in maze.neighbours(current):
+                if neighbor not in visited:
+                    visited.add(neighbor)
+                    parent[neighbor] = current
+                    queue.append(neighbor)
+
+        self._visited = len(visited)
+        return []
+
+    def _reconstruct(self, parent, start, goal):
+        path = []
+        current = goal
+        while current is not None:
+            path.append(current)
+            current = parent.get(current)
+        path.reverse()
+        return path if path and path[0] == start else []
+
+    @property
+    def visited_count(self):
+        return self._visited
+
+
+class DFS:
+    def __init__(self):
+        self._visited = 0
+
+    def find(self, maze, start, goal):
+        stack = [start]
+        parent = {start: None}
+        visited = {start}
+
+        while stack:
+            current = stack.pop()
+
+            if current == goal:
+                self._visited = len(visited)
+                return self._reconstruct(parent, start, goal)
+
+            for neighbor in maze.neighbours(current):
+                if neighbor not in visited:
+                    visited.add(neighbor)
+                    parent[neighbor] = current
+                    stack.append(neighbor)
+
+        self._visited = len(visited)
+        return []
+
+    def _reconstruct(self, parent, start, goal):
+        path = []
+        current = goal
+        while current is not None:
+            path.append(current)
+            current = parent.get(current)
+        path.reverse()
+        return path if path and path[0] == start else []
+
+    @property
+    def visited_count(self):
+        return self._visited
+
+
+class AStar:
+    def __init__(self):
+        self._visited = 0
+
+    def _heuristic(self, cell, goal):
+        return abs(cell.x - goal.x) + abs(cell.y - goal.y)
+
+    def find(self, maze, start, goal):
+        import heapq
+        heap = []
+        counter = 0
+        start_f = self._heuristic(start, goal)
+        heapq.heappush(heap, (start_f, counter, start))
+        counter += 1
+
+        parent = {}
+        g_score = {start: 0}
+        f_score = {start: start_f}
+        visited = set()
+
+        while heap:
+            current_f, _, current = heapq.heappop(heap)
+            visited.add(current)
+
+            if current == goal:
+                self._visited = len(visited)
+                return self._reconstruct(parent, start, goal)
+
+            if current_f > f_score.get(current, float('inf')):
+                continue
+
+            for neighbor in maze.neighbours(current):
+                tentative_g = g_score[current] + 1
+
+                if tentative_g < g_score.get(neighbor, float('inf')):
+                    parent[neighbor] = current
+                    g_score[neighbor] = tentative_g
+                    new_f = tentative_g + self._heuristic(neighbor, goal)
+                    f_score[neighbor] = new_f
+                    heapq.heappush(heap, (new_f, counter, neighbor))
+                    counter += 1
+
+        self._visited = len(visited)
+        return []
+
+    def _reconstruct(self, parent, start, goal):
+        path = []
+        current = goal
+        while current is not None:
+            path.append(current)
+            current = parent.get(current)
+        path.reverse()
+        return path if path and path[0] == start else []
+
+    @property
+    def visited_count(self):
+        return self._visited
+
+
+class MazeSolver:
+    def __init__(self, maze):
+        self._maze = maze
+        self._algorithm = None
+
+    def set_algorithm(self, algorithm):
+        self._algorithm = algorithm
+
+    def solve(self):
+        if not self._algorithm:
+            raise ValueError("Algorithm not set")
+
+        start_time = time.perf_counter()
+        path = self._algorithm.find(self._maze, self._maze.start, self._maze.exit)
+        end_time = time.perf_counter()
+
+        elapsed_ms = (end_time - start_time) * 1000
+
+        return {
+            'time_ms': elapsed_ms,
+            'visited': self._algorithm.visited_count,
+            'path_length': len(path),
+            'path': path
+        }
+
+
+
+
+
+DATA_PATH = r"C:\Users\Kirill\2026-rff_mp\fomichevks\docs\data"
+
+
+class ExperimentRunner:
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.algorithms = {
+            "BFS": BFS(),
+            "DFS": DFS(),
+            "A*": AStar()
+        }
+        self.loader = TextMazeLoader()
+
+    def run_benchmark(self, maze_file: str, algorithm: str, runs: int = 5):
+        try:
+            maze = self.loader.load(maze_file)
+        except Exception as e:
+            return None
+
+        total_time = 0.0
+        total_visited = 0
+        total_length = 0
+        successes = 0
+
+        for _ in range(runs):
+            solver = MazeSolver(maze)
+            solver.set_algorithm(self.algorithms[algorithm])
+            result = solver.solve()
+
+            if result and result['path_length'] > 0:
+                total_time += result['time_ms']
+                total_visited += result['visited']
+                total_length += result['path_length']
+                successes += 1
+
+        if successes == 0:
+            return None
+
+        return {
+            'time_ms': total_time / successes,
+            'visited_cells': total_visited / successes,
+            'path_length': total_length / successes,
+            'success_rate': successes / runs
+        }
+
+    def run_all_experiments(self, runs: int = 5):
+        mazes_list = [
+            (os.path.join(DATA_PATH, "small.txt"), "Small (10x10)"),
+            (os.path.join(DATA_PATH, "medium.txt"), "Medium (50x50)"),
+            (os.path.join(DATA_PATH, "large.txt"), "Large (100x100)"),
+            (os.path.join(DATA_PATH, "empty.txt"), "Empty"),
+            (os.path.join(DATA_PATH, "no_exit.txt"), "No exit")
+        ]
+
+        results = []
+
+
+        print("running experiments")
+
+        print(f"Data path: {DATA_PATH}")
+
+
+        for maze_file, maze_name in mazes_list:
+            if not os.path.exists(maze_file):
+                print(f"\n[warn] File not found: {maze_file}")
+                continue
+
+            print(f"\nTesting: {maze_name}")
+
+            for algo_name in self.algorithms.keys():
+                stats = self.run_benchmark(maze_file, algo_name, runs)
+
+                if stats:
+                    print(
+                        f"  {algo_name}: time={stats['time_ms']:.3f}ms, visited={stats['visited_cells']:.0f}, length={stats['path_length']:.0f}")
+                    results.append({
+                        'maze': maze_name,
+                        'strategy': algo_name,
+                        'time_ms': stats['time_ms'],
+                        'visited_cells': stats['visited_cells'],
+                        'path_length': stats['path_length'],
+                        'success_rate': stats['success_rate']
+                    })
+                else:
+                    print(f"  {algo_name}: no path found")
+                    results.append({
+                        'maze': maze_name,
+                        'strategy': algo_name,
+                        'time_ms': -1,
+                        'visited_cells': -1,
+                        'path_length': -1,
+                        'success_rate': 0
+                    })
+
+        return results
+
+
+def create_visualizations(results):
+    valid_results = [r for r in results if r['time_ms'] > 0]
+    if not valid_results:
+        print("no valid results for visualization")
+        return
+
+    mazes = sorted(set(r['maze'] for r in valid_results))
+    algorithms = ['BFS', 'DFS', 'A*']
+
+    fig, axes = plt.subplots(1, 3, figsize=(15, 5))
+    fig.suptitle('pathfinding algorithms comparison', fontsize=14)
+
+    x = np.arange(len(mazes))
+    width = 0.25
+
+    # Time chart
+    for i, algo in enumerate(algorithms):
+        times = []
+        for maze in mazes:
+            val = next((r['time_ms'] for r in valid_results
+                        if r['maze'] == maze and r['strategy'] == algo), 0)
+            times.append(val)
+        bars = axes[0].bar(x + i * width, times, width, label=algo, alpha=0.8)
+        for bar, val in zip(bars, times):
+            if val > 0:
+                axes[0].text(bar.get_x() + bar.get_width() / 2, bar.get_height() + 0.5,
+                             f'{val:.1f}', ha='center', va='bottom', fontsize=7)
+
+    axes[0].set_title('execution Time (ms)')
+    axes[0].set_ylabel('time (ms)')
+    axes[0].set_xticks(x + width)
+    axes[0].set_xticklabels(mazes, rotation=45, ha='right', fontsize=8)
+    axes[0].legend()
+    axes[0].grid(alpha=0.3, axis='y')
+
+    # Visited cells chart
+    for i, algo in enumerate(algorithms):
+        visited = []
+        for maze in mazes:
+            val = next((r['visited_cells'] for r in valid_results
+                        if r['maze'] == maze and r['strategy'] == algo), 0)
+            visited.append(val)
+        bars = axes[1].bar(x + i * width, visited, width, label=algo, alpha=0.8)
+        for bar, val in zip(bars, visited):
+            if val > 0:
+                axes[1].text(bar.get_x() + bar.get_width() / 2, bar.get_height(),
+                             f'{val:.0f}', ha='center', va='bottom', fontsize=7)
+
+    axes[1].set_title('visited Cells')
+    axes[1].set_ylabel('count')
+    axes[1].set_xticks(x + width)
+    axes[1].set_xticklabels(mazes, rotation=45, ha='right', fontsize=8)
+    axes[1].legend()
+    axes[1].grid(alpha=0.3, axis='y')
+
+    # Path length chart
+    for i, algo in enumerate(algorithms):
+        lengths = []
+        for maze in mazes:
+            val = next((r['path_length'] for r in valid_results
+                        if r['maze'] == maze and r['strategy'] == algo), 0)
+            lengths.append(val)
+        bars = axes[2].bar(x + i * width, lengths, width, label=algo, alpha=0.8)
+        for bar, val in zip(bars, lengths):
+            if val > 0:
+                axes[2].text(bar.get_x() + bar.get_width() / 2, bar.get_height(),
+                             f'{val:.0f}', ha='center', va='bottom', fontsize=7)
+
+    axes[2].set_title('path Length')
+    axes[2].set_ylabel('steps')
+    axes[2].set_xticks(x + width)
+    axes[2].set_xticklabels(mazes, rotation=45, ha='right', fontsize=8)
+    axes[2].legend()
+    axes[2].grid(alpha=0.3, axis='y')
+
+    plt.tight_layout()
+
+    output_path = os.path.join(DATA_PATH, 'experiment_results.png')
+    plt.savefig(output_path, dpi=150, bbox_inches='tight')
+    print(f"\nPlot saved to: {output_path}")
+    plt.show()
+
+
+def save_results_to_csv(results, filename='experiment_results.csv'):
+    if not results:
+        return
+
+    filepath = os.path.join(DATA_PATH, filename)
+    with open(filepath, 'w', newline='', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+        fieldnames = ['maze', 'strategy', 'time_ms', 'visited_cells', 'path_length', 'success_rate']
+        writer = csv.DictWriter(f, fieldnames=fieldnames)
+        writer.writeheader()
+        writer.writerows(results)
+
+    print(f"Results saved to: {filepath}")
+
+
+def analyze_efficiency(results):
+    valid_results = [r for r in results if r['time_ms'] > 0]
+    if not valid_results:
+        print("no valid results for analysis")
+        return
+
+    algo_stats = {}
+    for algo in ['BFS', 'DFS', 'A*']:
+        algo_data = [r for r in valid_results if r['strategy'] == algo]
+        if algo_data:
+            algo_stats[algo] = {
+                'avg_time': sum(r['time_ms'] for r in algo_data) / len(algo_data),
+                'avg_visited': sum(r['visited_cells'] for r in algo_data) / len(algo_data),
+                'avg_length': sum(r['path_length'] for r in algo_data) / len(algo_data)
+            }
+
+
+    print("average values across all mazes")
+    print(f"{'Algorithm':<12} {'Time (ms)':<15} {'Visited':<15} {'Path length':<15}")
+
+    for algo, stats in algo_stats.items():
+        print(f"{algo:<12} {stats['avg_time']:<15.3f} {stats['avg_visited']:<15.1f} {stats['avg_length']:<15.1f}")
+
+    fastest = min(algo_stats.items(), key=lambda x: x[1]['avg_time'])
+    optimal = min(algo_stats.items(), key=lambda x: x[1]['avg_length'])
+    efficient = min(algo_stats.items(), key=lambda x: x[1]['avg_visited'])
+
+    print("conclusions:")
+    print(f"  fastest algorithm: {fastest[0]} ({fastest[1]['avg_time']:.3f} ms avg)")
+    print(f"  optimal path: {optimal[0]} ({optimal[1]['avg_length']:.1f} steps avg)")
+    print(f"  most efficient (fewest visits): {efficient[0]} ({efficient[1]['avg_visited']:.0f} cells avg)")
+    print("=" * 70)
+
+
+def main():
+
+
+    if not os.path.exists(DATA_PATH):
+        print(f"\nerr: directory not found: {DATA_PATH}")
+        print("please create the directory and place maze files there.")
+        print("\nexpected structure:")
+        print(f"  {DATA_PATH}/")
+        print("    ├── small.txt")
+        print("    ├── medium.txt")
+        print("    ├── large.txt")
+        print("    ├── empty.txt")
+        print("    └── no_exit.txt")
+        return
+
+    runner = ExperimentRunner()
+    results = runner.run_all_experiments(runs=5)
+
+    if not results:
+        print("\nNo results. Check if maze files exist in:", DATA_PATH)
+        return
+
+    save_results_to_csv(results)
+    analyze_efficiency(results)
+    create_visualizations(results)
+
+
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()

fomichevks/docs/data/small.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+##########
+#S       #
+### ##### 
+#     # E#
+# # # # ##
+#   #   # 
+####### #
+#        #
+# ###### #
+##########

fomichevks/docs/results.csv

@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+Структура,Режим,Операция,Время (сек)
+LinkedList,случайный,insert,3.450394299999971
+LinkedList,случайный,find,0.02368320000005042
+LinkedList,случайный,delete,0.0178195999997115
+HashTable,случайный,insert,0.009212800000568677
+HashTable,случайный,find,6.169999960548012e-05
+HashTable,случайный,delete,3.860000015265541e-05
+BST,случайный,insert,0.015902500000265718
+BST,случайный,find,0.00014120000014372636
+BST,случайный,delete,8.770000022195745e-05
+LinkedList,случайный,insert,3.517222700000275
+LinkedList,случайный,find,0.026108199999725912
+LinkedList,случайный,delete,0.01791400000001886
+HashTable,случайный,insert,0.009205899999869871
+HashTable,случайный,find,5.869999949936755e-05
+HashTable,случайный,delete,3.609999930631602e-05
+BST,случайный,insert,0.017175400000269292
+BST,случайный,find,0.0001505999998698826
+BST,случайный,delete,9.200000022246968e-05
+LinkedList,случайный,insert,3.435324000000037
+LinkedList,случайный,find,0.026613500000166823
+LinkedList,случайный,delete,0.020348300000478048
+HashTable,случайный,insert,0.01095050000003539
+HashTable,случайный,find,6.169999960548012e-05
+HashTable,случайный,delete,3.9000000469968654e-05
+BST,случайный,insert,0.015578700000332901
+BST,случайный,find,0.0001768000001902692
+BST,случайный,delete,0.00010370000018156134
+LinkedList,случайный,insert,3.4476645999993707
+LinkedList,случайный,find,0.025092200000472076
+LinkedList,случайный,delete,0.017970900000364054
+HashTable,случайный,insert,0.008620399999927031
+HashTable,случайный,find,5.6599999879836105e-05
+HashTable,случайный,delete,3.699999979289714e-05
+BST,случайный,insert,0.016901099999813596
+BST,случайный,find,0.0001353999996354105
+BST,случайный,delete,8.39000003907131e-05
+LinkedList,случайный,insert,3.4527680000001055
+LinkedList,случайный,find,0.02482880000025034
+LinkedList,случайный,delete,0.01792089999980817
+HashTable,случайный,insert,0.00791659999958938
+HashTable,случайный,find,0.00012760000026901253
+HashTable,случайный,delete,6.010000015521655e-05
+BST,случайный,insert,0.01643800000056217
+BST,случайный,find,0.0001905999997688923
+BST,случайный,delete,9.900000077323057e-05
+LinkedList,отсортированный,insert,3.2146765999996205
+LinkedList,отсортированный,find,0.02251799999976356
+LinkedList,отсортированный,delete,0.016432399999757763
+HashTable,отсортированный,insert,0.008092500000202563
+HashTable,отсортированный,find,7.089999962772708e-05
+HashTable,отсортированный,delete,4.069999977218686e-05
+BST,отсортированный,insert,8.144065100000262
+BST,отсортированный,find,0.07145860000036919
+BST,отсортированный,delete,0.041536599999744794
+LinkedList,отсортированный,insert,3.2909168000005593
+LinkedList,отсортированный,find,0.1718697999995129
+LinkedList,отсортированный,delete,0.03186750000077154
+HashTable,отсортированный,insert,0.014283700000305544
+HashTable,отсортированный,find,9.820000013860408e-05
+HashTable,отсортированный,delete,5.8200000239594374e-05
+BST,отсортированный,insert,7.79496620000009
+BST,отсортированный,find,0.06252070000027743
+BST,отсортированный,delete,0.04316579999976966
+LinkedList,отсортированный,insert,3.3210246999997253
+LinkedList,отсортированный,find,0.020591699999386037
+LinkedList,отсортированный,delete,0.016228899999987334
+HashTable,отсортированный,insert,0.007315800000469608
+HashTable,отсортированный,find,5.450000026030466e-05
+HashTable,отсортированный,delete,3.370000013092067e-05
+BST,отсортированный,insert,8.219712999999501
+BST,отсортированный,find,0.0645872999994026
+BST,отсортированный,delete,0.04166759999952774
+LinkedList,отсортированный,insert,3.3059798000003866
+LinkedList,отсортированный,find,0.020161800000096264
+LinkedList,отсортированный,delete,0.016405999999733467
+HashTable,отсортированный,insert,0.008103499999378982
+HashTable,отсортированный,find,6.690000009257346e-05
+HashTable,отсортированный,delete,3.999999989900971e-05
+BST,отсортированный,insert,9.020431099999769
+BST,отсортированный,find,0.06939630000033503
+BST,отсортированный,delete,0.04487580000022717
+LinkedList,отсортированный,insert,3.5286267000001317
+LinkedList,отсортированный,find,0.022289700000328594
+LinkedList,отсортированный,delete,0.018663600000763836
+HashTable,отсортированный,insert,0.010729900000114867
+HashTable,отсортированный,find,7.849999929021578e-05
+HashTable,отсортированный,delete,4.8600000809528865e-05
+BST,отсортированный,insert,8.329646700000012
+BST,отсортированный,find,0.06335099999978411
+BST,отсортированный,delete,0.042559800000162795
+LinkedList,случайный,insert (СРЕДНЕЕ),3.4606747199999517
+LinkedList,случайный,find (СРЕДНЕЕ),0.025265180000133114
+LinkedList,случайный,delete (СРЕДНЕЕ),0.018394740000076126
+LinkedList,отсортированный,insert (СРЕДНЕЕ),3.3322449200000848
+LinkedList,отсортированный,find (СРЕДНЕЕ),0.051486199999817475
+LinkedList,отсортированный,delete (СРЕДНЕЕ),0.019919680000202788
+HashTable,случайный,insert (СРЕДНЕЕ),0.00918123999999807
+HashTable,случайный,find (СРЕДНЕЕ),7.325999977183528e-05
+HashTable,случайный,delete (СРЕДНЕЕ),4.215999997541076e-05
+HashTable,отсортированный,insert (СРЕДНЕЕ),0.009705080000094313
+HashTable,отсортированный,find (СРЕДНЕЕ),7.379999988188501e-05
+HashTable,отсортированный,delete (СРЕДНЕЕ),4.4240000170248096e-05
+BST,случайный,insert (СРЕДНЕЕ),0.016399140000248735
+BST,случайный,find (СРЕДНЕЕ),0.0001589199999216362
+BST,случайный,delete (СРЕДНЕЕ),9.326000035798643e-05
+BST,отсортированный,insert (СРЕДНЕЕ),8.301764419999927
+BST,отсортированный,find (СРЕДНЕЕ),0.06626278000003367
+BST,отсортированный,delete (СРЕДНЕЕ),0.04276111999988643

fomichevks/docs/отчет.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+1. Цель работы
+Реализовать три базовые структуры данных без использования объектно-ориентированных механизмов, применить их для хранения записей телефонного справочника, экспериментально измерить производительность операций вставки, поиска и удаления, а также проанализировать влияние порядка входных данных на время выполнения.
+
+Связный список (LinkedListPhoneBook)
+Узел: {'name': str, 'phone': str, 'next': dict | None}
+Операции:
+ll_insert: линейный проход до конца, обновление при совпадении имени, вставка нового узла в хвост. Возвращает голову списка.
+ll_find: последовательный перебор до первого совпадения.
+ll_delete: поиск предшественника удаляемого узла, переназначение ссылки next.
+ll_list_all: сбор записей в список, явная сортировка по имени.
+
+Хеш-таблица с цепочками (HashTable)
+Структура: список из BUCKET_COUNT = 1024 элементов, каждый элемент — голова связного списка.
+Хеширование: idx = hash(name) % BUCKET_COUNT
+Операции: делегируют соответствующим ll_* функциям для конкретного бакета.
+
+Узел: {'name': str, 'phone': str, 'left': dict | None, 'right': dict | None}
+Операции:
+bst_insert: рекурсивное сравнение имён, создание листа при достижении None.
+bst_find: рекурсивный спуск влево/вправо в зависимости от результата сравнения.
+bst_delete: три случая: 0 потомков, 1 потомок, 2 потомка. При двух потомках используется inorder-преемник (минимальный элемент правого поддерева).
+bst_list_all: центрированный (in-order) обход, гарантирующий отсортированный вывод без дополнительной сортировки.
+
+Влияние порядка входных данных на скорость вставки в BST
+Двоичное дерево поиска (BST) поддерживает инвариант: left.name < root.name < right.name. При вставке новых узлов алгоритм рекурсивно спускается по дереву, выбирая левую или правую ветвь в зависимости от результата сравнения.
+
+Случай 1: Случайный порядок данных
+Ключи распределяются по дереву хаотично
+Левые и правые поддеревья заполняются примерно равномерно
+Высота дерева: h ≈ log₂(N) ≈ 14 для N=10 000
+Сложность вставки одного элемента: O(log N)
+Общая сложность вставки всех N элементов: O(N log N)
+
+Случай 2: Отсортированный порядок данных
+Каждый следующий ключ больше всех предыдущих
+Алгоритм всегда выбирает правую ветвь
+Дерево вырождается в линейную цепочку
+
+Почему хеш-таблица почти не чувствительна к порядку?
+
+Функция hash() в Python:
+Детерминирована: один и тот же ключ → один и тот же хеш
+Равномерно распределяет значения по пространству хешей
+Не зависит от порядка вызова: hash("User_00001") всегда одинаков
+
+Распределение по бакетам
+При N=10 000 записей и 1024 бакетах:
+Ожидаемая загрузка: α = N / BUCKET_COUNT ≈ 9.77 элементов на бакет
+Даже если все ключи отсортированы, их хеши «размазываются» по всему диапазону
+Внутри каждого бакета хранится короткий связный список (~10 элементов)
+
+Почему связный список всегда медленен при поиске?
+
+Связный список хранит элементы последовательно, без индексации
+Для поиска элемента с именем X:
+Начать с головы списка
+Сравнить curr['name'] == X
+Если не совпало → перейти к curr['next']
+Повторять до нахождения или конца списка
+Связный список не подходит для задач с частым поиском. Его удел  очереди, стеки, или вспомогательная роль внутри других структур.
+
+Как удаление работает в каждой структуре?
+Связный список
+def ll_delete(head, name):
+    if head['name'] == name:
+        return head['next']  
+    curr = head
+    while curr['next']:
+        if curr['next']['name'] == name:
+            curr['next'] = curr['next']['next']  
+            return head
+        curr = curr['next']
+    return head
+
+Поиск узла (или его предшественника) — O(N)
+Переназначение ссылки next — O(1)
+Сборка мусора (автоматически в Python)
+
+Хеш-таблица
+def ht_delete(buckets, name):
+    idx = hash(name) % BUCKET_COUNT
+    buckets[idx] = ll_delete(buckets[idx], name)  
+
+Вычисление индекса бакета — O(1)
+Поиск и удаление в связном списке бакета — O(L), где L ≈ 10
+Итого: O(1) в среднем
+
+Двоичное дерево поиска
+def bst_delete(root, name):
+    # 1. Поиск узла
+    if name < root['name']:
+        root['left'] = bst_delete(root['left'], name)
+    elif name > root['name']:
+        root['right'] = bst_delete(root['right'], name)
+    else:
+        # 2. Три случая удаления
+        if root['left'] is None:
+            return root['right']  # 0 или 1 потомок
+        elif root['right'] is None:
+            return root['left']
+        else:
+            # 2 потомка: найти inorder-преемника
+            successor = _bst_find_min(root['right'])
+            root['name'] = successor['name']  
+            root['phone'] = successor['phone']
+            root['right'] = bst_delete(root['right'], successor['name'])  
+    return root
+
+Поиск удаляемого узла — O(h)
+Обработка случая:
+0 потомков: просто удалить узел
+1 потомок: «поднять» потомка на место удаляемого
+2 потомка: найти минимум в правом поддереве (inorder-преемник), скопировать его данные, рекурсивно удалить преемника
+Возврат обновлённого корня поддерева
+
+Когда какую структуру использовать?
+
+| Сценарий | Рекомендация |
+|---|---|
+| **Частый поиск** по имени | HashTable или BST (случайные данные) |
+| **Данные приходят отсортированными** | HashTable (BST деградирует!) |
+| **Нужен отсортированный список** | BST (in-order обход — бесплатный) |
+| **Частые вставки/удаления + поиск** | HashTable |
+| **Минимальная память, простота** | LinkedList (для малых N) |
+| **Диапазонные запросы** (все имена A–M) | BST |
+
+### Сложности операций
+
+| Структура | Insert | Find | Delete | List (sorted) |
+|---|---|---|---|---|
+| LinkedList | O(n) | O(n) | O(n) | O(n log n) |
+| HashTable | O(1) avg | O(1) avg | O(1) avg | O(n log n) |
+| BST (сбалансированный) | O(log n) | O(log n) | O(log n) | O(n) |
+| BST (вырожденный) | O(n) | O(n) | O(n) | O(n) |
+
+
+HashTable — лучший выбор для телефонного справочника при частых вставках и поисках. BST лучше HashTable только если нужен отсортированный вывод без дополнительной сортировки — но при условии случайного порядка вставки или использования самобалансирующегося дерева (AVL, Red-Black).

fomichevks/docs/структуры_данных.py

@@ -0,0 +1,257 @@
+import random
+import time
+import csv
+import sys
+
+
+sys.setrecursionlimit(20000)
+
+
+# 1. СВЯЗНЫЙ СПИСОК
+def ll_insert(head, name, phone):
+    curr = head
+    while curr:
+        if curr['name'] == name:
+            curr['phone'] = phone
+            return head
+        curr = curr['next']
+
+    new_node = {'name': name, 'phone': phone, 'next': None}
+    if head is None:
+        return new_node
+
+    curr = head
+    while curr['next']:
+        curr = curr['next']
+    curr['next'] = new_node
+    return head
+
+
+def ll_find(head, name):
+    curr = head
+    while curr:
+        if curr['name'] == name:
+            return curr['phone']
+        curr = curr['next']
+    return None
+
+
+def ll_delete(head, name):
+    if head is None:
+        return None
+    if head['name'] == name:
+        return head['next']
+
+    curr = head
+    while curr['next']:
+        if curr['next']['name'] == name:
+            curr['next'] = curr['next']['next']
+            return head
+        curr = curr['next']
+    return head
+
+
+def ll_list_all(head):
+    res = []
+    curr = head
+    while curr:
+        res.append((curr['name'], curr['phone']))
+        curr = curr['next']
+    res.sort(key=lambda x: x[0])
+    return res
+
+
+
+# 2. ХЕШ-ТАБЛИЦА
+BUCKET_COUNT = 1024
+
+
+def ht_insert(buckets, name, phone):
+    idx = hash(name) % BUCKET_COUNT
+    buckets[idx] = ll_insert(buckets[idx], name, phone)
+
+
+def ht_find(buckets, name):
+    idx = hash(name) % BUCKET_COUNT
+    return ll_find(buckets[idx], name)
+
+
+def ht_delete(buckets, name):
+    idx = hash(name) % BUCKET_COUNT
+    buckets[idx] = ll_delete(buckets[idx], name)
+
+
+def ht_list_all(buckets):
+    res = []
+    for head in buckets:
+        curr = head
+        while curr:
+            res.append((curr['name'], curr['phone']))
+            curr = curr['next']
+    res.sort(key=lambda x: x[0])
+    return res
+
+
+
+def bst_insert(root, name, phone):
+    if root is None:
+        return {'name': name, 'phone': phone, 'left': None, 'right': None}
+    if name < root['name']:
+        root['left'] = bst_insert(root['left'], name, phone)
+    elif name > root['name']:
+        root['right'] = bst_insert(root['right'], name, phone)
+    else:
+        root['phone'] = phone
+    return root
+
+
+def bst_find(root, name):
+    if root is None:
+        return None
+    if name == root['name']:
+        return root['phone']
+    elif name < root['name']:
+        return bst_find(root['left'], name)
+    else:
+        return bst_find(root['right'], name)
+
+
+def _bst_find_min(node):
+    curr = node
+    while curr['left'] is not None:
+        curr = curr['left']
+    return curr
+
+
+def bst_delete(root, name):
+    if root is None:
+        return None
+    if name < root['name']:
+        root['left'] = bst_delete(root['left'], name)
+    elif name > root['name']:
+        root['right'] = bst_delete(root['right'], name)
+    else:
+        if root['left'] is None:
+            return root['right']
+        elif root['right'] is None:
+            return root['left']
+        else:
+            successor = _bst_find_min(root['right'])
+            root['name'] = successor['name']
+            root['phone'] = successor['phone']
+            root['right'] = bst_delete(root['right'], successor['name'])
+    return root
+
+
+def bst_list_all(root):
+    res = []
+
+    def inorder(node):
+        if node:
+            inorder(node['left'])
+            res.append((node['name'], node['phone']))
+            inorder(node['right'])
+
+    inorder(root)
+    return res
+
+
+
+# ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНАЯ ЧАСТЬ
+def run_experiments():
+    N = 10000
+    base_records = [(f"User_{i:05d}", f"100{i:05d}") for i in range(N)]
+
+    records_sorted = sorted(base_records, key=lambda x: x[0])
+    records_shuffled = base_records[:]
+    random.shuffle(records_shuffled)
+
+    all_names = [r[0] for r in base_records]
+    find_existing = random.sample(all_names, 100)
+    find_non_existing = [f"Missing_{i}" for i in range(10)]
+    delete_targets = random.sample(all_names, 50)
+
+    all_results = []
+    structures = ["LinkedList", "HashTable", "BST"]
+    data_modes = [("случайный", records_shuffled), ("отсортированный", records_sorted)]
+
+    for mode_name, records in data_modes:
+        print(f"\n Режим: {mode_name}")
+        for run in range(1, 6):
+            print(f" запуск {run}/5")
+
+
+            head = None
+            t = time.perf_counter()
+            for n, p in records: head = ll_insert(head, n, p)
+            t_ins = time.perf_counter() - t
+
+            t = time.perf_counter()
+            for n in find_existing + find_non_existing: ll_find(head, n)
+            t_find = time.perf_counter() - t
+
+            t = time.perf_counter()
+            for n in delete_targets: head = ll_delete(head, n)
+            t_del = time.perf_counter() - t
+
+            all_results.append(["LinkedList", mode_name, "insert", t_ins])
+            all_results.append(["LinkedList", mode_name, "find", t_find])
+            all_results.append(["LinkedList", mode_name, "delete", t_del])
+
+
+            buckets = [None] * BUCKET_COUNT
+            t = time.perf_counter()
+            for n, p in records: ht_insert(buckets, n, p)
+            t_ins = time.perf_counter() - t
+
+            t = time.perf_counter()
+            for n in find_existing + find_non_existing: ht_find(buckets, n)
+            t_find = time.perf_counter() - t
+
+            t = time.perf_counter()
+            for n in delete_targets: ht_delete(buckets, n)
+            t_del = time.perf_counter() - t
+
+            all_results.append(["HashTable", mode_name, "insert", t_ins])
+            all_results.append(["HashTable", mode_name, "find", t_find])
+            all_results.append(["HashTable", mode_name, "delete", t_del])
+
+
+            root = None
+            t = time.perf_counter()
+            for n, p in records: root = bst_insert(root, n, p)
+            t_ins = time.perf_counter() - t
+
+            t = time.perf_counter()
+            for n in find_existing + find_non_existing: bst_find(root, n)
+            t_find = time.perf_counter() - t
+
+            t = time.perf_counter()
+            for n in delete_targets: root = bst_delete(root, n)
+            t_del = time.perf_counter() - t
+
+            all_results.append(["BST", mode_name, "insert", t_ins])
+            all_results.append(["BST", mode_name, "find", t_find])
+            all_results.append(["BST", mode_name, "delete", t_del])
+
+
+    averages = []
+    for struct in structures:
+        for mode in ["случайный", "отсортированный"]:
+            for op in ["insert", "find", "delete"]:
+                times = [r[3] for r in all_results if r[0] == struct and r[1] == mode and r[2] == op]
+                avg = sum(times) / len(times)
+                averages.append([struct, mode, f"{op} (СРЕДНЕЕ)", avg])
+
+    final_csv_data = [["Структура", "Режим", "Операция", "Время (сек)"]] + all_results + averages
+
+    with open("results.csv", "w", newline="", encoding="utf-8-sig") as f:
+        writer = csv.writer(f)
+        writer.writerows(final_csv_data)
+
+    return all_results, averages
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    raw_data, avg_data = run_experiments()
+