2026-rff_mp/konnovaea/maze_solver.py

from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
from collections import deque
import heapq
import time


class Cell:
    def __init__(self, x, y):
        self.x = x
        self.y = y
        self.is_wall = False
        self.is_start = False
        self.is_exit = False
    
    def is_passable(self):
        return not self.is_wall
    
    def __repr__(self):
        return f"Cell({self.x},{self.y})"


class Maze:
    def __init__(self, width, height):
        self.width = width
        self.height = height
        self.cells = []
        self.start = None
        self.exit = None
        
        for y in range(height):
            row = []
            for x in range(width):
                row.append(Cell(x, y))
            self.cells.append(row)
    
    def get_cell(self, x, y):
        if 0 <= x < self.width and 0 <= y < self.height:
            return self.cells[y][x]
        return None
    
    def get_neighbors(self, cell):
        neighbors = []
        for dx, dy in [(0, -1), (0, 1), (-1, 0), (1, 0)]:
            nx, ny = cell.x + dx, cell.y + dy
            neighbor = self.get_cell(nx, ny)
            if neighbor and neighbor.is_passable():
                neighbors.append(neighbor)
        return neighbors


class TextFileMazeBuilder:
    def build_from_file(self, filename):
        with open(filename, 'r') as f:
            lines = [line.rstrip() for line in f.readlines()]
        
        height = len(lines)
        width = len(lines[0])
        maze = Maze(width, height)
        
        for y, line in enumerate(lines):
            for x, ch in enumerate(line):
                cell = maze.get_cell(x, y)
                if ch == '#':
                    cell.is_wall = True
                elif ch == 'S':
                    maze.start = cell
                    cell.is_start = True
                elif ch == 'E':
                    maze.exit = cell
                    cell.is_exit = True
        
        return maze


class PathFindingStrategy(ABC):
    @abstractmethod
    def find_path(self, maze, start, exit):
        pass


class BFSStrategy(PathFindingStrategy):
    def find_path(self, maze, start, exit):
        if not start or not exit:
            return [], 0
        
        queue = deque([(start, [start])])
        visited = {start}
        
        while queue:
            current, path = queue.popleft()
            if current == exit:
                return path, len(visited)
            
            for neighbor in maze.get_neighbors(current):
                if neighbor not in visited:
                    visited.add(neighbor)
                    queue.append((neighbor, path + [neighbor]))
        
        return [], len(visited)


class DFSStrategy(PathFindingStrategy):
    def find_path(self, maze, start, exit):
        if not start or not exit:
            return [], 0
        
        stack = [(start, [start])]
        visited = {start}
        
        while stack:
            current, path = stack.pop()
            if current == exit:
                return path, len(visited)
            
            for neighbor in maze.get_neighbors(current):
                if neighbor not in visited:
                    visited.add(neighbor)
                    stack.append((neighbor, path + [neighbor]))
        
        return [], len(visited)


class AStarStrategy(PathFindingStrategy):
    def _heuristic(self, a, b):
        return abs(a.x - b.x) + abs(a.y - b.y)
    
    def find_path(self, maze, start, exit):
        if not start or not exit:
            return [], 0
        
        heap = [(self._heuristic(start, exit), 0, start, [start])]
        g_score = {start: 0}
        visited = set()
        counter = 1
        
        while heap:
            _, _, current, path = heapq.heappop(heap)
            
            if current in visited:
                continue
            
            visited.add(current)
            
            if current == exit:
                return path, len(visited)
            
            for neighbor in maze.get_neighbors(current):
                tentative_g = g_score[current] + 1
                if neighbor not in g_score or tentative_g < g_score[neighbor]:
                    g_score[neighbor] = tentative_g
                    f = tentative_g + self._heuristic(neighbor, exit)
                    heapq.heappush(heap, (f, counter, neighbor, path + [neighbor]))
                    counter += 1
        
        return [], len(visited)


class SearchStats:
    def __init__(self, path, time_ms, visited_count):
        self.path = path
        self.time_ms = time_ms
        self.visited_count = visited_count
        self.path_length = len(path) if path else 0


class MazeSolver:
    def __init__(self, maze, strategy=None):
        self.maze = maze
        self.strategy = strategy
    
    def set_strategy(self, strategy):
        self.strategy = strategy
    
    def solve(self):
        start_time = time.perf_counter()
        path, visited = self.strategy.find_path(self.maze, self.maze.start, self.maze.exit)
        end_time = time.perf_counter()
        return SearchStats(path, (end_time - start_time) * 1000, visited)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    builder = TextFileMazeBuilder()
    maze = builder.build_from_file("maze1.txt")
    
    print(f"Лабиринт: {maze.width}x{maze.height}")
    print(f"Старт: {maze.start}")
    print(f"Выход: {maze.exit}")
    print()
    
    solver = MazeSolver(maze)
    
    for name, strategy in [("BFS", BFSStrategy()), ("DFS", DFSStrategy()), ("A*", AStarStrategy())]:
        solver.set_strategy(strategy)
        stats = solver.solve()
        print(f"{name}: путь={stats.path_length}, время={stats.time_ms:.3f}мс, посещено={stats.visited_count}")