2026-rff_mp/stepinim/lab2_oop/poisk.py

import time
from collections import deque
import heapq
import csv
import os
import random
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt


# ============================================================
# ЭТАП 1. МОДЕЛЬ ЛАБИРИНТА
# ============================================================

class Cell:
    def __init__(self, x, y, is_wall=False, is_start=False, is_exit=False):
        self.x = x
        self.y = y
        self.is_wall = is_wall
        self.is_start = is_start
        self.is_exit = is_exit
        self.weight = 1

    def isPassable(self):
        return not self.is_wall

    def __repr__(self):
        return f"Cell({self.x},{self.y})"

    def __hash__(self):
        return hash((self.x, self.y))

    def __eq__(self, other):
        return isinstance(other, Cell) and self.x == other.x and self.y == other.y


class Maze:
    def __init__(self, width, height):
        self.width = width
        self.height = height
        self.cells = []
        self.start = None
        self.exit = None

    def getCell(self, x, y):
        if 0 <= x < self.width and 0 <= y < self.height:
            return self.cells[y][x]
        return None

    def getNeighbors(self, cell):
        neighbors = []

        for dx, dy in [(0, -1), (0, 1), (-1, 0), (1, 0)]:
            nx = cell.x + dx
            ny = cell.y + dy

            neighbor = self.getCell(nx, ny)

            if neighbor and neighbor.isPassable():
                neighbors.append(neighbor)

        return neighbors

    def getWeightedNeighbors(self, cell):
        return [(n, n.weight) for n in self.getNeighbors(cell)]


# ============================================================
# ЭТАП 2. BUILDER
# ============================================================

class MazeBuilder:
    def buildFromFile(self, filename):
        raise NotImplementedError


class TextFileMazeBuilder(MazeBuilder):

    def buildFromFile(self, filename):

        with open(filename, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
            lines = [line.rstrip('\n') for line in f]

        height = len(lines)
        width = max(len(line) for line in lines)

        maze = Maze(width, height)

        for y, line in enumerate(lines):

            row = []

            for x, char in enumerate(line):

                if char == '#':
                    cell = Cell(x, y, is_wall=True)

                elif char == 'S':
                    cell = Cell(x, y, is_start=True)
                    maze.start = cell

                elif char == 'E':
                    cell = Cell(x, y, is_exit=True)
                    maze.exit = cell

                else:
                    cell = Cell(x, y)

                row.append(cell)

            while len(row) < width:
                row.append(Cell(len(row), y, is_wall=True))

            maze.cells.append(row)

        if maze.start is None or maze.exit is None:
            raise ValueError("В лабиринте нет S или E")

        return maze


# ============================================================
# ВОССТАНОВЛЕНИЕ ПУТИ
# ============================================================

def reconstruct_path(parents, end_cell):

    path = []

    current = end_cell

    while current is not None:
        path.append(current)
        current = parents[current]

    path.reverse()

    return path


# ============================================================
# ЭТАП 3. STRATEGY
# ============================================================

class PathFindingStrategy:

    @property
    def name(self):
        return "Unknown"

    def findPath(self, maze, start, exit):
        raise NotImplementedError


# ============================================================
# BFS
# ============================================================

class BFSStrategy(PathFindingStrategy):

    @property
    def name(self):
        return "BFS"

    def findPath(self, maze, start, exit):

        queue = deque([start])

        visited = {start}

        parents = {
            start: None
        }

        visited_count = 1

        while queue:

            current = queue.popleft()

            if current == exit:
                path = reconstruct_path(parents, exit)
                return path, visited_count

            for neighbor in maze.getNeighbors(current):

                if neighbor not in visited:

                    visited.add(neighbor)

                    parents[neighbor] = current

                    visited_count += 1

                    queue.append(neighbor)

        return [], visited_count


# ============================================================
# DFS
# ============================================================

class DFSStrategy(PathFindingStrategy):

    @property
    def name(self):
        return "DFS"

    def findPath(self, maze, start, exit):

        stack = [start]

        visited = {start}

        parents = {
            start: None
        }

        visited_count = 1

        while stack:

            current = stack.pop()

            if current == exit:
                path = reconstruct_path(parents, exit)
                return path, visited_count

            for neighbor in maze.getNeighbors(current):

                if neighbor not in visited:

                    visited.add(neighbor)

                    parents[neighbor] = current

                    visited_count += 1

                    stack.append(neighbor)

        return [], visited_count


# ============================================================
# A*
# ============================================================

class AStarStrategy(PathFindingStrategy):

    @property
    def name(self):
        return "A*"

    def heuristic(self, a, b):
        return abs(a.x - b.x) + abs(a.y - b.y)

    def findPath(self, maze, start, exit):

        counter = 0

        open_set = []

        heapq.heappush(open_set, (0, counter, start))

        parents = {
            start: None
        }

        g_score = {
            start: 0
        }

        visited = set()

        visited_count = 0

        while open_set:

            _, _, current = heapq.heappop(open_set)

            if current in visited:
                continue

            visited.add(current)

            visited_count += 1

            if current == exit:
                path = reconstruct_path(parents, exit)
                return path, visited_count

            for neighbor in maze.getNeighbors(current):

                tentative_g = g_score[current] + 1

                if neighbor not in g_score or tentative_g < g_score[neighbor]:

                    g_score[neighbor] = tentative_g

                    parents[neighbor] = current

                    f_score = tentative_g + self.heuristic(neighbor, exit)

                    counter += 1

                    heapq.heappush(
                        open_set,
                        (f_score, counter, neighbor)
                    )

        return [], visited_count


# ============================================================
# DIJKSTRA
# ============================================================

class DijkstraStrategy(PathFindingStrategy):

    @property
    def name(self):
        return "Dijkstra"

    def findPath(self, maze, start, exit):

        counter = 0

        queue = []

        heapq.heappush(queue, (0, counter, start))

        distances = {
            start: 0
        }

        parents = {
            start: None
        }

        visited = set()

        visited_count = 0

        while queue:

            dist, _, current = heapq.heappop(queue)

            if current in visited:
                continue

            visited.add(current)

            visited_count += 1

            if current == exit:
                path = reconstruct_path(parents, exit)
                return path, visited_count

            for neighbor, weight in maze.getWeightedNeighbors(current):

                new_dist = dist + weight

                if neighbor not in distances or new_dist < distances[neighbor]:

                    distances[neighbor] = new_dist

                    parents[neighbor] = current

                    counter += 1

                    heapq.heappush(
                        queue,
                        (new_dist, counter, neighbor)
                    )

        return [], visited_count


# ============================================================
# ЭТАП 4. STATS + SOLVER
# ============================================================

class SearchStats:

    def __init__(
            self,
            strategy_name,
            time_ms,
            visited_cells,
            path_length,
            path_found
    ):
        self.strategy_name = strategy_name
        self.time_ms = time_ms
        self.visited_cells = visited_cells
        self.path_length = path_length
        self.path_found = path_found


class MazeSolver:

    def __init__(self, maze, strategy=None):
        self.maze = maze
        self.strategy = strategy

    def setStrategy(self, strategy):
        self.strategy = strategy

    def solve(self):

        if self.strategy is None:
            raise ValueError("Стратегия не выбрана")

        start_time = time.perf_counter()

        path, visited = self.strategy.findPath(
            self.maze,
            self.maze.start,
            self.maze.exit
        )

        end_time = time.perf_counter()

        elapsed_ms = (end_time - start_time) * 1000

        return SearchStats(
            self.strategy.name,
            elapsed_ms,
            visited,
            len(path),
            len(path) > 0
        ), path


# ============================================================
# ВИЗУАЛИЗАЦИЯ
# ============================================================

def render(maze, path=None):

    path_set = set(path) if path else set()

    for y in range(maze.height):

        line = ""

        for x in range(maze.width):

            cell = maze.getCell(x, y)

            if cell == maze.start:
                line += "S"

            elif cell == maze.exit:
                line += "E"

            elif cell in path_set:
                line += "."

            elif cell.is_wall:
                line += "#"

            else:
                line += " "

        print(line)

    print()


# ============================================================
# ФАЙЛЫ И ПУТИ
# ============================================================

OUTPUT_DIR = os.path.join("docs", "data")

PREFIX = "_2lab"

os.makedirs(OUTPUT_DIR, exist_ok=True)


def get_path(filename):

    name, ext = os.path.splitext(filename)

    return os.path.join(
        OUTPUT_DIR,
        f"{name}{PREFIX}{ext}"
    )


# ============================================================
# СОЗДАНИЕ ЛАБИРИНТА
# ============================================================

def create_test_maze(filename, lines):

    with open(filename, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:

        for line in lines:
            f.write(line + '\n')

    return filename


# ============================================================
# ГЕНЕРАЦИЯ
# ============================================================

def generate_maze(width, height, wall_density=0.3):

    grid = [[' ' for _ in range(width)] for _ in range(height)]

    for x in range(width):
        grid[0][x] = '#'
        grid[height - 1][x] = '#'

    for y in range(height):
        grid[y][0] = '#'
        grid[y][width - 1] = '#'

    x, y = 1, 1

    path_cells = {(x, y)}

    while x < width - 2 or y < height - 2:

        if x < width - 2 and random.random() > 0.3:
            x += 1

        elif y < height - 2:
            y += 1

        else:
            x += 1

        path_cells.add((x, y))

    for yy in range(1, height - 1):

        for xx in range(1, width - 1):

            if (xx, yy) not in path_cells:

                if random.random() < wall_density:
                    grid[yy][xx] = '#'

    grid[1][1] = 'S'
    grid[height - 2][width - 2] = 'E'

    return [''.join(row) for row in grid]


def generate_empty_maze(size):

    lines = [" " * size for _ in range(size)]

    lines[0] = "S" + " " * (size - 1)

    lines[size - 1] = " " * (size - 1) + "E"

    return lines


def generate_no_exit_maze(size):

    lines = generate_maze(size, size, wall_density=0.2)

    for y, line in enumerate(lines):

        if 'E' in line:

            x = line.index('E')

            for dy, dx in [(-1, 0), (1, 0), (0, -1), (0, 1)]:

                ny = y + dy
                nx = x + dx

                if 0 <= ny < size and 0 <= nx < size:

                    if lines[ny][nx] == ' ':

                        lines[ny] = (
                                lines[ny][:nx]
                                + '#'
                                + lines[ny][nx + 1:]
                        )

    return lines


# ============================================================
# ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТЫ
# ============================================================

def run_experiments():

    mazes = {

        "small": [
            "##########",
            "#S       #",
            "# ###### #",
            "# #    # #",
            "# # ## # #",
            "# # ## # #",
            "# #    # #",
            "# ###### #",
            "#       E#",
            "##########"
        ],

        "medium": generate_maze(50, 50, 0.35),

        "large": generate_maze(100, 100, 0.4),

        "empty": generate_empty_maze(20),

        "no_exit": generate_no_exit_maze(15)
    }

    strategies = [
        BFSStrategy(),
        DFSStrategy(),
        AStarStrategy(),
        DijkstraStrategy()
    ]

    results = []

    print("=" * 60)
    print("ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТЫ")
    print("=" * 60)

    for maze_name, lines in mazes.items():

        filename = get_path(f"{maze_name}.txt")

        create_test_maze(filename, lines)

        maze = TextFileMazeBuilder().buildFromFile(filename)

        print(f"\nЛабиринт: {maze_name}")
        print("-" * 60)

        for strategy in strategies:

            times = []
            visited_values = []

            final_path_len = 0

            for _ in range(5):

                solver = MazeSolver(maze)

                solver.setStrategy(strategy)

                stats, path = solver.solve()

                times.append(stats.time_ms)

                visited_values.append(stats.visited_cells)

                final_path_len = stats.path_length

            avg_time = sum(times) / len(times)

            avg_visited = sum(visited_values) / len(visited_values)

            results.append({
                "maze": maze_name,
                "strategy": strategy.name,
                "time_ms": round(avg_time, 4),
                "visited": int(avg_visited),
                "path_length": final_path_len
            })

            status = "найден" if final_path_len > 0 else "не найден"

            print(
                f"{strategy.name:<10} | "
                f"{avg_time:>8.4f} мс | "
                f"{int(avg_visited):>5} клеток | "
                f"путь {status}"
            )

    csv_path = get_path("results.csv")

    with open(csv_path, "w", newline="", encoding='utf-8') as f:

        writer = csv.DictWriter(
            f,
            fieldnames=[
                "maze",
                "strategy",
                "time_ms",
                "visited",
                "path_length"
            ]
        )

        writer.writeheader()

        writer.writerows(results)

    print(f"\nCSV сохранён: {csv_path}")

    return results


# ============================================================
# ГРАФИК
# ============================================================

def build_charts(results):

    mazes = list(dict.fromkeys(r["maze"] for r in results))

    strategies = list(dict.fromkeys(r["strategy"] for r in results))

    fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(12, 6))

    x = range(len(mazes))

    width = 0.2

    colors = {
        'BFS': '#3498db',
        'DFS': '#e74c3c',
        'A*': '#2ecc71',
        'Dijkstra': '#f39c12'
    }

    for i, strategy in enumerate(strategies):

        times = [
            r["time_ms"]
            for r in results
            if r["strategy"] == strategy
        ]

        ax.bar(
            [j + i * width for j in x],
            times,
            width,
            label=strategy,
            color=colors.get(strategy, 'gray')
        )

    ax.set_xlabel("Лабиринт")

    ax.set_ylabel("Время (мс)")

    ax.set_title("Сравнение алгоритмов")

    ax.set_xticks([j + width * 1.5 for j in x])

    ax.set_xticklabels(mazes)

    ax.legend()

    ax.grid(axis='y', alpha=0.3)

    plt.tight_layout()

    chart_path = get_path("chart_time.png")

    plt.savefig(chart_path, dpi=150, bbox_inches='tight')

    print(f"График сохранён: {chart_path}")

    plt.show()


# ============================================================
# MAIN
# ============================================================

def main():

    results = run_experiments()

    build_charts(results)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()