diff --git a/semyanovra/scr/maze.py b/semyanovra/scr/maze.py
index 6309baa..9d55726 100644
--- a/semyanovra/scr/maze.py
+++ b/semyanovra/scr/maze.py
@@ -13,9 +13,9 @@ class GridCell:
     def __init__(self, x, y):
         self._x = x
         self._y = y
-        self._blocked = False      # стена
-        self._entry = False        # старт
-        self._exit_flag = False    # выход
+        self._blocked = False
+        self._entry = False
+        self._exit_flag = False
 
     @property
     def x(self):
@@ -113,4 +113,43 @@ class Labyrinth:
             neighbour = self.cell_at(nx, ny)
             if neighbour and neighbour.passable():
                 neighbours.append(neighbour)
-        return neighbours
\ No newline at end of file
+        return neighbours
+
+
+# ----------------------------- Загрузка лабиринта -----------------------------
+class LabyrinthBuilder:
+    def build_from_file(self, filename):
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+
+class TxtLabyrinthBuilder(LabyrinthBuilder):
+    def build_from_file(self, filename):
+        with open(filename, 'r') as f:
+            lines = [line.rstrip('\n') for line in f.readlines()]
+        height = len(lines)
+        width = max(len(line) for line in lines) if height > 0 else 0
+        start_cnt = 0
+        exit_cnt = 0
+        lab = Labyrinth(width, height)
+
+        for y, line in enumerate(lines):
+            for x, ch in enumerate(line):
+                if ch == "#":
+                    lab.configure_cell(x, y, "wall")
+                elif ch == "S":
+                    lab.configure_cell(x, y, "start")
+                    start_cnt += 1
+                elif ch == "E":
+                    lab.configure_cell(x, y, "exit")
+                    exit_cnt += 1
+                else:
+                    lab.configure_cell(x, y, 'path')
+        if start_cnt != 1 or exit_cnt != 1:
+            raise ValueError(f"Maze must have exactly one S and one E. Found S={start_cnt}, E={exit_cnt}")
+        return lab
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    builder = TxtLabyrinthBuilder()
+    maze = builder.build_from_file("maze/level1.txt")
+    print(f"Maze loaded: {maze.width}x{maze.height}")
\ No newline at end of file