forked from UNN/2026-rff_mp
483 lines
19 KiB
Python
483 lines
19 KiB
Python
import heapq
|
||
import time
|
||
import os
|
||
import csv
|
||
from collections import deque
|
||
from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
|
||
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
|
||
import numpy as np
|
||
|
||
class Cell:
|
||
def __init__(self, x, y, is_wall=False):
|
||
self.x = x
|
||
self.y = y
|
||
self.is_wall = is_wall
|
||
self.is_start = False
|
||
self.is_exit = False
|
||
|
||
def is_passable(self):
|
||
return not self.is_wall
|
||
|
||
class Maze:
|
||
def __init__(self, width, height):
|
||
self.width = width
|
||
self.height = height
|
||
self.grid = [[Cell(x, y, True) for y in range(height)] for x in range(width)]
|
||
self.start = None
|
||
self.exit = None
|
||
|
||
def get_cell(self, x, y):
|
||
if 0 <= x < self.width and 0 <= y < self.height:
|
||
return self.grid[x][y]
|
||
return None
|
||
|
||
def get_neighbors(self, cell):
|
||
neighbors = []
|
||
for dx, dy in [(0, 1), (0, -1), (1, 0), (-1, 0)]:
|
||
nx, ny = cell.x + dx, cell.y + dy
|
||
neighbor = self.get_cell(nx, ny)
|
||
if neighbor and neighbor.is_passable():
|
||
neighbors.append(neighbor)
|
||
return neighbors
|
||
|
||
class MazeBuilder(ABC):
|
||
@abstractmethod
|
||
def build_from_file(self, filename):
|
||
pass
|
||
|
||
class TextFileMazeBuilder(MazeBuilder):
|
||
def build_from_file(self, filename):
|
||
with open(filename, 'r') as f:
|
||
lines = [line.rstrip('\n') for line in f.readlines()]
|
||
height = len(lines)
|
||
width = max(len(line) for line in lines) if height > 0 else 0
|
||
maze = Maze(width, height)
|
||
for y, line in enumerate(lines):
|
||
for x, char in enumerate(line):
|
||
if char == '#':
|
||
maze.grid[x][y] = Cell(x, y, True)
|
||
else:
|
||
cell = Cell(x, y, False)
|
||
if char == 'S':
|
||
cell.is_start = True
|
||
maze.start = cell
|
||
elif char == 'E':
|
||
cell.is_exit = True
|
||
maze.exit = cell
|
||
maze.grid[x][y] = cell
|
||
if not maze.start or not maze.exit:
|
||
raise ValueError("Лабиринт должен содержать старт (S) и выход (E)")
|
||
return maze
|
||
|
||
class PathFindingStrategy(ABC):
|
||
@abstractmethod
|
||
def find_path(self, maze, start, exit_cell):
|
||
pass
|
||
|
||
class BFSPathFinding(PathFindingStrategy):
|
||
def find_path(self, maze, start, exit_cell):
|
||
queue = deque([start])
|
||
visited = {start: None}
|
||
visited_count = 0
|
||
while queue:
|
||
current = queue.popleft()
|
||
visited_count += 1
|
||
if exit_cell is not None and current == exit_cell:
|
||
path = []
|
||
while current:
|
||
path.append(current)
|
||
current = visited[current]
|
||
return path[::-1], visited_count
|
||
for neighbor in maze.get_neighbors(current):
|
||
if neighbor not in visited:
|
||
visited[neighbor] = current
|
||
queue.append(neighbor)
|
||
return [], visited_count
|
||
|
||
class DFSPathFinding(PathFindingStrategy):
|
||
def find_path(self, maze, start, exit_cell):
|
||
stack = [start]
|
||
visited = {start: None}
|
||
visited_count = 0
|
||
while stack:
|
||
current = stack.pop()
|
||
visited_count += 1
|
||
if exit_cell is not None and current == exit_cell:
|
||
path = []
|
||
while current:
|
||
path.append(current)
|
||
current = visited[current]
|
||
return path[::-1], visited_count
|
||
for neighbor in maze.get_neighbors(current):
|
||
if neighbor not in visited:
|
||
visited[neighbor] = current
|
||
stack.append(neighbor)
|
||
return [], visited_count
|
||
|
||
class AStarPathFinding(PathFindingStrategy):
|
||
def heuristic(self, a, b):
|
||
if b is None:
|
||
return 0
|
||
return abs(a.x - b.x) + abs(a.y - b.y)
|
||
|
||
def find_path(self, maze, start, exit_cell):
|
||
open_set = [(0, 0, start, None)]
|
||
heapq.heapify(open_set)
|
||
g_score = {start: 0}
|
||
came_from = {}
|
||
visited_count = 0
|
||
while open_set:
|
||
_, _, current, parent = heapq.heappop(open_set)
|
||
if current in came_from:
|
||
continue
|
||
visited_count += 1
|
||
came_from[current] = parent
|
||
if exit_cell is not None and current == exit_cell:
|
||
path = []
|
||
while current:
|
||
path.append(current)
|
||
current = came_from[current]
|
||
return path[::-1], visited_count
|
||
for neighbor in maze.get_neighbors(current):
|
||
tentative_g = g_score[current] + 1
|
||
if neighbor not in g_score or tentative_g < g_score[neighbor]:
|
||
g_score[neighbor] = tentative_g
|
||
f_score = tentative_g + self.heuristic(neighbor, exit_cell)
|
||
heapq.heappush(open_set, (f_score, id(neighbor), neighbor, current))
|
||
return [], visited_count
|
||
|
||
|
||
class SearchStats:
|
||
def __init__(self, path, visited_count, time_ms):
|
||
self.path = path
|
||
self.path_length = len(path)
|
||
self.visited_count = visited_count
|
||
self.time_ms = time_ms
|
||
|
||
class Observer(ABC):
|
||
@abstractmethod
|
||
def update(self, event):
|
||
pass
|
||
|
||
class ConsoleView(Observer):
|
||
def update(self, event):
|
||
if event['type'] == 'path_found':
|
||
self.render(event['maze'], event.get('player_pos'), event['path'])
|
||
elif event['type'] == 'maze_loaded':
|
||
print(f"Лабиринт загружен: {event['maze'].width}x{event['maze'].height}")
|
||
elif event['type'] == 'search_start':
|
||
print(f"Поиск пути алгоритмом {event['strategy']}...")
|
||
elif event['type'] == 'search_end':
|
||
print(
|
||
f"Путь найден: длина {event['stats'].path_length}, посещено клеток {event['stats'].visited_count}, время {event['stats'].time_ms:.3f}мс")
|
||
|
||
def render(self, maze, player_pos=None, path=None):
|
||
os.system('cls' if os.name == 'nt' else 'clear')
|
||
path_set = set((c.x, c.y) for c in path) if path else set()
|
||
for y in range(maze.height):
|
||
for x in range(maze.width):
|
||
cell = maze.get_cell(x, y)
|
||
if player_pos and (x, y) == (player_pos.x, player_pos.y):
|
||
print('P', end='')
|
||
elif cell.is_start:
|
||
print('S', end='')
|
||
elif cell.is_exit:
|
||
print('E', end='')
|
||
elif (x, y) in path_set:
|
||
print('.', end='')
|
||
elif cell.is_wall:
|
||
print('#', end='')
|
||
else:
|
||
print(' ', end='')
|
||
print()
|
||
|
||
class MazeSolver:
|
||
def __init__(self, maze, strategy=None):
|
||
self.maze = maze
|
||
self.strategy = strategy
|
||
self.observers = []
|
||
|
||
def set_strategy(self, strategy):
|
||
self.strategy = strategy
|
||
|
||
def add_observer(self, observer):
|
||
self.observers.append(observer)
|
||
|
||
def notify(self, event):
|
||
for observer in self.observers:
|
||
observer.update(event)
|
||
|
||
def solve(self):
|
||
if not self.strategy:
|
||
raise ValueError("Стратегия не задана")
|
||
self.notify({'type': 'search_start', 'strategy': type(self.strategy).__name__})
|
||
start_time = time.perf_counter()
|
||
if self.maze.exit is None:
|
||
path, visited = self.strategy.find_path(self.maze, self.maze.start, None)
|
||
else:
|
||
path, visited = self.strategy.find_path(self.maze, self.maze.start, self.maze.exit)
|
||
end_time = time.perf_counter()
|
||
time_ms = (end_time - start_time) * 1000
|
||
stats = SearchStats(path, visited, time_ms)
|
||
self.notify({'type': 'search_end', 'stats': stats, 'strategy': type(self.strategy).__name__})
|
||
self.notify({'type': 'path_found', 'maze': self.maze, 'path': path})
|
||
return stats
|
||
|
||
def is_path_exists(maze):
|
||
if maze.exit is None:
|
||
return False
|
||
queue = deque([maze.start])
|
||
visited = {maze.start}
|
||
while queue:
|
||
current = queue.popleft()
|
||
if current == maze.exit:
|
||
return True
|
||
for neighbor in maze.get_neighbors(current):
|
||
if neighbor not in visited:
|
||
visited.add(neighbor)
|
||
queue.append(neighbor)
|
||
return False
|
||
|
||
def generate_maze(width, height, wall_density=0.3, seed=42):
|
||
np.random.seed(seed)
|
||
maze = Maze(width, height)
|
||
for x in range(width):
|
||
for y in range(height):
|
||
if x == 0 or x == width - 1 or y == 0 or y == height - 1:
|
||
maze.grid[x][y] = Cell(x, y, True)
|
||
else:
|
||
is_wall = np.random.random() < wall_density
|
||
maze.grid[x][y] = Cell(x, y, is_wall)
|
||
maze.start = maze.get_cell(1, 1)
|
||
maze.start.is_wall = False
|
||
maze.start.is_start = True
|
||
maze.grid[1][1] = maze.start
|
||
maze.grid[1][2] = Cell(1, 2, False)
|
||
maze.grid[2][1] = Cell(2, 1, False)
|
||
maze.exit = maze.get_cell(width - 2, height - 2)
|
||
maze.exit.is_wall = False
|
||
maze.exit.is_exit = True
|
||
maze.grid[width - 2][height - 3] = Cell(width - 2, height - 3, False)
|
||
maze.grid[width - 3][height - 2] = Cell(width - 3, height - 2, False)
|
||
if not is_path_exists(maze):
|
||
for x in range(1, width - 1):
|
||
for y in range(1, height - 1):
|
||
if np.random.random() < 0.5:
|
||
maze.grid[x][y].is_wall = False
|
||
if not is_path_exists(maze):
|
||
for x in range(1, width - 1):
|
||
for y in range(1, height - 1):
|
||
if x == 1 and y == 1:
|
||
continue
|
||
if x == width - 2 and y == height - 2:
|
||
continue
|
||
maze.grid[x][y].is_wall = False
|
||
return maze
|
||
|
||
def generate_empty_maze(width, height):
|
||
maze = Maze(width, height)
|
||
for x in range(width):
|
||
for y in range(height):
|
||
maze.grid[x][y] = Cell(x, y, False)
|
||
maze.start = maze.get_cell(0, 0)
|
||
maze.start.is_start = True
|
||
maze.exit = maze.get_cell(width - 1, height - 1)
|
||
maze.exit.is_exit = True
|
||
return maze
|
||
|
||
def generate_no_exit_maze(width, height):
|
||
maze = Maze(width, height)
|
||
np.random.seed(123)
|
||
for x in range(width):
|
||
for y in range(height):
|
||
if x == 0 or x == width - 1 or y == 0 or y == height - 1:
|
||
maze.grid[x][y] = Cell(x, y, True)
|
||
else:
|
||
is_wall = np.random.random() < 0.3
|
||
maze.grid[x][y] = Cell(x, y, is_wall)
|
||
maze.start = maze.get_cell(1, 1)
|
||
maze.start.is_wall = False
|
||
maze.start.is_start = True
|
||
maze.grid[1][1] = maze.start
|
||
maze.grid[1][2] = Cell(1, 2, False)
|
||
maze.grid[2][1] = Cell(2, 1, False)
|
||
maze.exit = None
|
||
return maze
|
||
|
||
def save_maze_to_file(maze, filename):
|
||
with open(filename, 'w') as f:
|
||
for y in range(maze.height):
|
||
for x in range(maze.width):
|
||
cell = maze.get_cell(x, y)
|
||
if cell.is_start:
|
||
f.write('S')
|
||
elif cell.is_exit:
|
||
f.write('E')
|
||
elif cell.is_wall:
|
||
f.write('#')
|
||
else:
|
||
f.write(' ')
|
||
f.write('\n')
|
||
|
||
def visualize_maze(maze, path=None, title="Лабиринт", ax=None):
|
||
grid = np.zeros((maze.height, maze.width))
|
||
for y in range(maze.height):
|
||
for x in range(maze.width):
|
||
cell = maze.get_cell(x, y)
|
||
if cell.is_wall:
|
||
grid[y, x] = 1
|
||
elif cell.is_start:
|
||
grid[y, x] = 2
|
||
elif cell.is_exit:
|
||
grid[y, x] = 3
|
||
if ax is None:
|
||
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(8, 8))
|
||
cmap = plt.cm.colors.ListedColormap(['white', 'black', 'green', 'red'])
|
||
ax.imshow(grid, cmap=cmap, interpolation='nearest')
|
||
if path:
|
||
path_x = [cell.x for cell in path]
|
||
path_y = [cell.y for cell in path]
|
||
ax.plot(path_x, path_y, 'b-', linewidth=2, label='Путь')
|
||
ax.set_title(title)
|
||
ax.set_xticks([])
|
||
ax.set_yticks([])
|
||
|
||
def run_experiments():
|
||
mazes_data = {
|
||
"Маленький (10x10)": generate_maze(10, 10, 0.2, 10),
|
||
"Средний (50x50)": generate_maze(50, 50, 0.3, 20),
|
||
"Большой (100x100)": generate_maze(100, 100, 0.3, 30),
|
||
"Пустой (50x50)": generate_empty_maze(50, 50),
|
||
"Без выхода (50x50)": generate_no_exit_maze(50, 50)
|
||
}
|
||
os.makedirs("mazes", exist_ok=True)
|
||
for name, maze in mazes_data.items():
|
||
filename = f"mazes/{name.replace(' ', '_').replace('(', '').replace(')', '')}.txt"
|
||
save_maze_to_file(maze, filename)
|
||
print(f"Сохранён {filename}")
|
||
strategies = {
|
||
"BFS": BFSPathFinding(),
|
||
"DFS": DFSPathFinding(),
|
||
"A*": AStarPathFinding()
|
||
}
|
||
results = []
|
||
runs = 5
|
||
fig_mazes, axes_mazes = plt.subplots(len(mazes_data), len(strategies) + 1, figsize=(18, 4 * len(mazes_data)))
|
||
if len(mazes_data) == 1:
|
||
axes_mazes = [axes_mazes]
|
||
for row_idx, (maze_name, maze) in enumerate(mazes_data.items()):
|
||
visualize_maze(maze, title=f"{maze_name}", ax=axes_mazes[row_idx][0])
|
||
for col_idx, (strat_name, strategy) in enumerate(strategies.items()):
|
||
solver = MazeSolver(maze, strategy)
|
||
times = []
|
||
visited_counts = []
|
||
path_lengths = []
|
||
best_path = None
|
||
for _ in range(runs):
|
||
stats = solver.solve()
|
||
times.append(stats.time_ms)
|
||
visited_counts.append(stats.visited_count)
|
||
path_lengths.append(stats.path_length)
|
||
if stats.path:
|
||
best_path = stats.path
|
||
avg_time = np.mean(times)
|
||
avg_visited = np.mean(visited_counts)
|
||
avg_path = np.mean(path_lengths)
|
||
results.append([maze_name, strat_name, avg_time, avg_visited, avg_path])
|
||
print(f"{maze_name} - {strat_name}: Время={avg_time:.3f}мс, Посещено={avg_visited:.0f}, Длина пути={avg_path:.0f}")
|
||
visualize_maze(maze, best_path, f"{maze_name} - {strat_name}", ax=axes_mazes[row_idx][col_idx + 1])
|
||
plt.tight_layout()
|
||
plt.savefig('mazes_visualization.png')
|
||
plt.close()
|
||
with open('results.csv', 'w', newline='', encoding='utf-8-sig') as f:
|
||
writer = csv.writer(f)
|
||
writer.writerow(["Лабиринт", "Стратегия", "Время_мс", "Посещено", "Длина_пути"])
|
||
writer.writerows(results)
|
||
print("\nРезультаты сохранены в results.csv")
|
||
return results
|
||
|
||
def plot_results(results):
|
||
strategies = ["BFS", "DFS", "A*"]
|
||
mazes = ["Маленький (10x10)", "Средний (50x50)", "Большой (100x100)", "Пустой (50x50)", "Без выхода (50x50)"]
|
||
data = {}
|
||
for strat in strategies:
|
||
data[strat] = {"times": [], "visited": [], "paths": []}
|
||
for row in results:
|
||
maze, strat, time_ms, visited, path_len = row
|
||
data[strat]["times"].append(time_ms)
|
||
data[strat]["visited"].append(visited)
|
||
data[strat]["paths"].append(path_len)
|
||
|
||
fig, axes = plt.subplots(1, 3, figsize=(18, 6))
|
||
x = np.arange(len(mazes))
|
||
width = 0.25
|
||
colors = {'BFS': 'skyblue', 'DFS': 'lightgreen', 'A*': 'salmon'}
|
||
|
||
for i, strat in enumerate(strategies):
|
||
offset = (i - 1) * width
|
||
times_display = [t if t > 0 else 0.001 for t in data[strat]["times"]]
|
||
bars = axes[0].bar(x + offset, times_display, width, label=strat, color=colors[strat])
|
||
for bar, val in zip(bars, data[strat]["times"]):
|
||
if val > 0:
|
||
axes[0].text(bar.get_x() + bar.get_width() / 2, bar.get_height() * 1.1,
|
||
f'{val:.2f}', ha='center', va='bottom', fontsize=8, rotation=90)
|
||
axes[0].set_title("Время выполнения (мс)")
|
||
axes[0].set_xticks(x)
|
||
axes[0].set_xticklabels(mazes, rotation=15, ha='right')
|
||
axes[0].set_ylabel("Время (мс)")
|
||
axes[0].set_yscale('log')
|
||
axes[0].legend()
|
||
axes[0].grid(axis='y', alpha=0.3)
|
||
|
||
for i, strat in enumerate(strategies):
|
||
offset = (i - 1) * width
|
||
visited_display = [v if v > 0 else 1 for v in data[strat]["visited"]]
|
||
bars = axes[1].bar(x + offset, visited_display, width, label=strat, color=colors[strat])
|
||
for bar, val in zip(bars, data[strat]["visited"]):
|
||
if val > 0:
|
||
axes[1].text(bar.get_x() + bar.get_width() / 2, bar.get_height() * 1.1,
|
||
f'{val:.0f}', ha='center', va='bottom', fontsize=8, rotation=90)
|
||
axes[1].set_title("Посещено клеток")
|
||
axes[1].set_xticks(x)
|
||
axes[1].set_xticklabels(mazes, rotation=15, ha='right')
|
||
axes[1].set_ylabel("Количество клеток")
|
||
axes[1].set_yscale('log')
|
||
axes[1].legend()
|
||
axes[1].grid(axis='y', alpha=0.3)
|
||
|
||
for i, strat in enumerate(strategies):
|
||
offset = (i - 1) * width
|
||
paths_display = [p if p > 0 else 1 for p in data[strat]["paths"]]
|
||
bars = axes[2].bar(x + offset, paths_display, width, label=strat, color=colors[strat])
|
||
for bar, val in zip(bars, data[strat]["paths"]):
|
||
height = bar.get_height()
|
||
axes[2].text(bar.get_x() + bar.get_width() / 2, height * 1.1,
|
||
f'{val:.0f}', ha='center', va='bottom', fontsize=8, rotation=90)
|
||
axes[2].set_title("Длина найденного пути")
|
||
axes[2].set_xticks(x)
|
||
axes[2].set_xticklabels(mazes, rotation=15, ha='right')
|
||
axes[2].set_ylabel("Длина пути")
|
||
axes[2].set_yscale('log')
|
||
axes[2].legend()
|
||
axes[2].grid(axis='y', alpha=0.3)
|
||
|
||
plt.tight_layout()
|
||
plt.savefig('comparative_results.png')
|
||
plt.show()
|
||
print("Сравнительные графики сохранены в comparative_results.png")
|
||
|
||
if __name__ == "__main__":
|
||
print("\nГенерация лабиринтов и запуск экспериментов\n")
|
||
results = run_experiments()
|
||
print("\nСоздание графиков")
|
||
plot_results(results)
|
||
print("\nЭксперименты завершены")
|
||
print("\nСозданные файлы:")
|
||
print(" - 5 текстовых файлов с лабиринтами")
|
||
print(" - mazes_visualization.png: Визуализация всех лабиринтов с путями")
|
||
print(" - results.csv: Таблица с числовыми результатами")
|
||
print(" - comparative_results.png: Сравнительные графики (Время, Посещено, Длина пути)")
|
||
print("\nСводка результатов:")
|
||
for row in results:
|
||
maze, strat, time_ms, visited, path_len = row
|
||
print(f"{maze:20s} | {strat:5s} | Время: {time_ms:8.3f}мс | Посещено: {visited:6.0f} | Путь: {path_len:4.0f}") |